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. 2019 Oct 18;2019(10):CD001233. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001233.pub3

Saleem 2006.

Methods Patients randomly selected, randomisation method not described.
Participants Singleton live pregnancy BS 5 or lower, requiring induction between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation.
Interventions Foley catheter 40‐45 mL, after 8‐10 hours oxytocin infusion was started (n = 78).
Dinoprostone pessary 3 mg 6‐hourly max 2 doses, followed by oxytocin infusion (n = 75).
Oral misoprostol 50 mcg 4‐hourly, max 4 doses, followed by oxytocin infusion (n = 73).
Outcomes Vaginal delivery rate, Induction to delivery interval < 12 hours, postpartum haemorrhage, tachysystole.
Notes Methods describe random selection of patients, not randomisation.
No neonatal outcomes.
Setting: Hamdard University Hospital and Patel Hospital, Pakistan
Dates of study: July 2005 ‐ June 2005
Funding sources: not reported
Declarations of interest: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk 'Random selection' of patients, insufficient information for judgement.
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk 'Random selection' of patients, insufficient information for judgement.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Not feasible due to nature of intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk It is unclear how many patients were assessed for randomisation or randomised, therefore it is also unclear if incomplete data were reported. There is no mention of this in the paper.
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Unclear risk All outcomes mentioned in the methods section are reported, it is however interesting why they did not report any neonatal data.
Other bias Unclear risk No sample size calculated