St Onge 1995.

Methods	RCT. Computer‐generated allocation sequence. Concealment of allocation by sealed envelopes.
Participants	Singleton vertex term pregnancies with intact membranes, BS < 5. Exclusion of women with previous CS, low‐lying placenta.
Interventions	Intracervical PGE2 (0.5 mg) (30 women). Intracervical Foley catheter inflated with 30 mL (36 women).
Outcomes	CS, instrumental delivery, maternal side effects, maternal pyrexia, fetal distress.
Notes	2 women excluded in each group. Also reported as abstract (Lange 1994). Setting: Foothills Hospital in Calgary, Alberta, Canada Study period: October 1991 to November 1993 Funding: not reported Declarations of interest: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated allocation sequence.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Concealment of allocation by sealed envelopes.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not feasible due to nature of intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	2 women in each group excluded (not meeting inclusion criteria or in labour directly after randomisation). no missing cases or data
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All pre‐specified outcomes reported
Other bias	Low risk	No other bias detected