Tabowei 2003.

Methods	Random number table, opaque sealed envelopes.
Participants	Term pregnancy, singleton fetus in cephalic presentation, BS < 4. Exclusion: ruptured membranes, placenta praevia, non‐reactive non‐stress test, EFW > 4000 g, prior uterine incision, parity > 4, contraindication to PGs.
Interventions	Foley 50 mL max 12 hours (n = 61). Vaginal misoprostol 25 mcg every 4 hours, max 6 doses (n = 60).
Outcomes	Failure to achieve ripening within 12 hours, vaginal delivery within 24 hours, need for oxytocin augmentation, CS rate, tachysystole, hypertonus, meconium, maternal and neonatal complications, AS < 7, NICU admissions, febrile morbidity.
Notes	Prior uterine incision is exclusion criterion, but 18 women with previous CS included. Setting: Zonal general hospital, Nigeria Study period: June 1998 to May 2001 Funding: not reported Declarations of interest: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random number table.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Opaque sealed envelopes.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not feasible due to nature of intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Incomplete outcome data were not mentioned in the report.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes prespecified in methods were reported, report includes all expected outcomes.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Prior uterine incision is exclusion criterion, but 18 women with previous CS included, they were evenly divided between the groups.