Comparison 1. Integrated CBT vs Twelve Step Facilitation ‐ Post Treatment.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Depression ‐ HDRS: end of treatment	2	212	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	4.05 [1.43, 6.66]
2 Depression ‐ HDRS: 6‐ to 12‐month follow‐up	2	181	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.53 [‐1.73, 4.79]
3 Substance use ‐ PDA: end of treatment	2	220	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.84 [‐8.04, 2.35]
4 Substance use ‐ PDA: 6‐ to 12‐month follow‐up	2	189	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	10.76 [3.10, 18.42]
5 Treatment retention	2	296	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.72, 1.25]
6 Treatment attendance	2	270	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.27 [‐6.10, 3.56]