Table 3.
Standardized Predictors in Bivariate and Domain-Specific Analyses
| Domain | Variable | Step 2: Bivariate1 Analyses - β (SE) | Step 3: Domain Analyses - β (SE) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Need | Intercept | − 0.288 (0.168) | |
| AIDS per 10 k population | − 0.056 (0.097) | ||
| Change AIDS among PWID per capita | 0.062 (0.067) | ||
| Intercept | − 0.617 (0.153) | − 0.617 (0.153) | |
| HIV among PWID per capita | − 0.193 (0.128) † | − 0.193 (0.128) † | |
| Change HIV among PWID per capita | 0.066 (0.058) † | 0.066 (0.058) † | |
| HIV among PWID per capita * Time | 0.051 (0.027) † | 0.051 (0.027) † | |
| HIV among PWID per capita * Time2 | − 0.001 (0.002) † | − 0.001 (0.002) † | |
| Resource Availability: General Resources | Intercept | − 0.054 (0.092) | − 0.263 (0.211) |
| Percent of population in poverty | − 0.185 (0.084) † | − 0.224 (0.122) † | |
| Change percent of population in poverty | 0.355 (0.163) † | 0.398 (0.172) † | |
| Change percent poverty * Time | − 0.068 (0.028) † | − 0.067 (0.029) † | |
| Change percent poverty * Time2 | 0.003 (0.001) † | 0.003 (0.001) † | |
| Intercept | − 0.266 (0.124) | ||
| Long-term debt per capita | − 0.168 (0.089) | ||
| Change long-term debt per capita | 0.015 (0.054) | ||
| Intercept | − 0.179 (0.103) | − 0.263 (0.211) | |
| Unemployment rate | 0.078 (0.087) † | 0.221 (0.096) † | |
| Change unemployment rate | 0.251 (0.068) † | 0.217 (0.076) † | |
| Change unemployment rate * Time | − 0.093 (0.017) † | − 0.093 (0.019) † | |
| Change unemployment rate * Time2 | 0.005 (0.001) † | 0.005 (0.001) † | |
| Intercept | − 0.545 (0.196) | − 0.263 (0.211) | |
| Median household income | 0.217 (0.084) † | 0.109 (0.108) † | |
| Change median household income | − 0.535 (0.192) † | − 0.141 (0.211) † | |
| Change household income * Time | 0.070 (0.026) † | 0.008 (0.030) † | |
| Change household income * Time2 | − 0.003 (0.001) † | 0.000 (0.001) † | |
| Resource Availability: Specific Resources | Intercept | − 0.078 (0.086) | − 0.335 (0.117) |
| Community/public health research & social work workforce | 0.445 (0.073) † | 0.462 (0.075) † | |
| Change in public health research & social work workforce | − 0.001 (0.051) † | 0.001 (0.053) † | |
| Intercept | − 0.318 (0.122) | − 0.335 (0.117) | |
| Health expenditures per capita | 0.229 (0.092) † | 0.154 (0.080) † | |
| Change health expenditures per capita | − 0.042 (0.053) † | − 0.061 (0.051) † | |
| Institutional Opposition: Legal Repressiveness | Intercept | − 0.073 (0.092) | |
| Drug arrests rate for possession of heroin or cocaine | 0.141 (0.085) | ||
| Change drug arrests rate for possession of heroin or cocaine | 0.005 (0.026) | ||
| Intercept | − 0.353 (0.120) | ||
| Correction expenditures per capita | − 0.031 (0.092) | ||
| Change correction expenditures per capita | − 0.088 (0.040) | ||
| Institutional Opposition: Racial Structure | Intercept | − 0.070 (0.094) | |
| Ratio of Black to White median household income | 0.040 (0.088) | ||
| Change Ratio of Black to White median household income | 0.042 (0.050) | ||
| Intercept | − 0.271 (0.106) | − 0.271 (0.106) | |
| Ratio of Black to White Poverty | − 0.103 (0.081) † | − 0.103 (0.081) † | |
| Change Ratio of Black to White Poverty | 0.763 (0.202) † | 0.763 (0.202) † | |
| Change Ratio of Black to White Poverty * Time | − 0.077 (0.032) † | − 0.077 (0.032) † | |
| Change Ratio of Black to White Poverty * Time2 | 0.002 (0.001) † | 0.002 (0.001) † | |
| Intercept | − 0.067 (0.093) | ||
| Ratio of Black to White unemployment | − 0.074 (0.087) | ||
| Change Ratio of Black to White unemployment | 0.100 (0.036) | ||
| Institutional Support: “Liberalism” of Public Policies | Intercept | − 0.078 (0.079) | − 0.291 (0.125) |
| Right-to-work-state (in 1993) | − 0.459 (0.071) † | − 0.463 (0.082) † | |
| Intercept | − 0.276 (0.133) | − 0.291 (0.125) | |
| Education expenditures per capita | 0.222 (0.088) † | 0.034 (0.083) | |
| Change education expenditures per capita | 0.002 (0.041) † | − 0.007 (0.041) | |
| Institutional Support: Group Pressure | Intercept | − 0.078 (0.094) | |
| Number of “early” groups (in 1993) per 10 k population | − 0.036 (0.086) | ||
| Intercept | − 0.078 (0.089) | − 0.078 (0.089) | |
| Institutional Support: Service Symbiosis | Ever had syringe exchange program, by 1993 | 0.230 (0.082) † | 0.230 (0.082) † |
1 Each “bivariate” model and each model in the domain analyses also includes coefficients for both Time and Time.2 These coefficients are not listed due to space restrictions, and, like the coefficients for the Intercepts, do not contribute to the calculation of coefficient sums
† Covariates with this symbol contributed to a sum that met the criteria for inclusion into the next analytic step.