Acharya 2005.

Methods	FLUOROSIS STUDY Country of study: India Geographic location: Davangere‐Nallur, Naganur, Doddabathi, Kundawada and Holesirigere Year of study: not stated Year of change in fluoridation status: NA Study design: cross‐sectional
Participants	Inclusion criteria: school children aged 12‐15 years; lifetime residency Exclusion criteria: absence on the day of the survey Other sources of fluoride: not stated Social class: socioeconomic position was similar in all villages Ethnicity: not stated Residential history: lifetime residents Other confounding factors: not stated
Interventions	All natural fluoridation Group 1: 0.43 ppm Group 2: 0.72 ppm Group 3: 1.1 ppm Group 4: 1.22 ppm Group 5: 3.41 ppm
Outcomes	Dental fluorosis (Dean's Index) Age at assessment: 12‐15 years
Funding	Not stated
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Sampling	Unclear risk	5 villages were selected out of a possible 90. There was insufficient detail reported to determine how selection took place
Confounding	High risk	Did not account for use of other fluoride sources
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Insufficient information
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Data presented for all participants
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Outcome of interest reported
Other bias	Low risk	No other apparent bias