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. 2020 Jan 7;8:e8342. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8342

Table 1. Results of the studies assessing (ultra)-short-term pulse rate variability from video recordings.

Results of the studies by Sun et al. (2012) and Cerina, Iozzia & Mainardi (2017) are shown for the maximum frame rate only, that is, 200 and 60 fps, respectively. ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; IR, infrared; LRC, linear regression coefficient; MAE, mean absolute error; n, normalized values; r, correlation coefficient; r2, coefficient of determination; RMSE, root mean square error; SD, standard deviation; SD1, Poincaré plot standard deviation perpendicular to the line of identity; SD2, Poincaré plot standard deviation along the line of identity; SSE, sum of squared errors; VS, visible spectrum.

Study Parameter SDNN (ms) RMSSD (ms) pNN50 (%) VLF (ms2 or n.u.) LF (ms2 or n.u.) HF (ms2 or n.u.) LF/HF (%) SD1 (ms) SD2 (ms)
Poh, McDuff & Picard (2011) Mean error 7.53 (n) 7.53 (n) 0.57
SD of error 10.17 (n) 10.17 (n) 0.98
UST-PRV RMSE 12.3 (n) 12.3 (n) 1.1
r 0.92 (n) 0.92 (n) 0.88
Sun et al. (2012)
ST-PRV
r 0.874* 0.971* (n) 0.978* (n) 0.875*
McDuff, Gontarek & Picard (2014) r 0.93** (n) 0.93** (n) 0.93**
UST-PRV RMSE 0.145
Moreno et al. (2015) r (supine and sitting) 0.9544 0.8398 0.8635 0.9975/0.8928 (n) 0.9849/0.7934 (n) 0.9844/0.7838 (n) 0.8662 0.8398 0.9734
0.9108 0.518 0.538 0.9979/0.8928 (n) 0.9885/0.7934 (n) 0.99/0.7838 (n) 0.3186 0.518 0.9858
ST-PRV Bias (supine and sitting) 4.12 11.5 8.66 21.73/−2.18 (n) 7.49/−0.53 (n) 73.26/2.72 (n) −0.07 8.13 2.47
6.68 19.3 16.87 4.96/−6.65 (n) 13.69/−2.56 (n) 206.83/9.21 (n) −0.19 13.65 3.12
Effect size (supine and sitting) 0.524 0.707 0.643 0.222/0.050 (n) 0.006/0.050 (n) 0.145/0.185 (n) 0.226 0.707 0.244
0.675 0.699 0.684 0.105/0.522 (n) 0.280/0.285 (n) 0.627/0.468 (n) 0.257 0.669 0.631
Blackford, Piasecki & Estepp (2016)
ST-PRV
r2 0.9212 0.9728 0.7789
SSE 7.3 0.18 0.38
Bias 12 0.13 0.78
Huang & Dung (2016)
UST-PRV
MAE 0.49–3.79 0.09–7.97 0.03–5.73 0.38–5.34
2.08–28.87 10.29–50.04 3.44–36.03 0.36–28.38
Iozzia, Cerina & Mainardi (2016)
ST-PRV
r (rest and stand) 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.92 (n) 0.91 (n) 0.93
0.82 0.75 0.68 0.63 (n) 0.76 (n) 0.71
Purtov et al. (2016)
ST-PRV
r >0.9 >0.9
Cerina, Iozzia & Mainardi (2017)
ST-PRV
r 0.9532 0.9433 0.9124 0.8368 (n) 0.8372 (n)
Melchor Rodriguez & Ramos-Castro (2018)
UST-PRV
r (stationary and motion) 0.9750* 0.9791* 0.9350* 0.9824* (n) 0.9824* (n) 0.9521* (n)
0.9896* 0.9463* 0.9204* 0.9288* (n) 0.9302* (n) 0.8548* (n)
ICC (stationary and motion) 0.9491* 0.9208* 0.8996* 0.9546* (n) 0.9546* (n) 0.7593* (n)
0.9766* 0.8898* 0.8560* 0.9247* (n) 0.9265* (n) 0.4468*** (n)
MAE (stationary and motion) 3.49 7.13 8.65 4.78 (n) 4.77 (n) 0.31 (n)
2.65 7.81 7.80 5.54 (n) 5.47 (n) 1.10 (n)
RMSE (stationary and motion) 4.26 8.29 10.35 6.20 (n) 6.20 (n) 0.61 (n)
3.34 9.34 10.30 7.44 (n) 7.34 (n) 3.28 (n)
Yu et al. (2018)
ST-PRV
LRC 0.99 (VS) 1.09 (VS) 1.12 (VS) 1.10 (VS)
0.95 (IR) 1.11 (IR) 1.07 (IR) 1.09 (IR)
Benezeth et al. (2018)
UST-PRV
Accuracy 98.25% 97.59% 96.90%

Notes:

*

p < 0.001.

**

p < 0.01.

***

p < 0.05.