Cattaneo 2016.
| Methods | Multi‐centre, single‐blinded randomised controlled trial, independent clinician within clinical centre allocated participants with pre‐study randomised list | |
| Participants | n=119 Randomised: I=78, C=41 Analysed Post: I=69, C=36 Analysed Follow‐Up: I=58, C=26 Baseline characteristics were similar between groups and centres. Less participants in I group had more than 2 falls in two months prior to study. |
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| Interventions | I: Balance treatment to improve control of posture, moving centre of mass and body segments during static, dynamic and transitional tasks. 1 to 1 with experienced physical therapist for 45 minutes. 20 sessions over 7‐10 weeks. C: Treatments that reduce limitations of body function and activity levels, with max of 10 minutes for balance. Dosage as above. |
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| Outcomes | Number of fallers, number of multiple fallers, balance function, dynamic balance, mobility, balance confidence | |
| Notes | I: Intervention, C: Control, BBS: Berg Balance Scale, DGI: Dynamic Gait Index, TUG: Timed Up and Go, ABC: Activities‐specific Balance Confidence scale | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | randomisation list made before the beginning of the study‐ randomisation procedure is not identified |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Method of concealment not described in enough detail |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Participants were not aware of group assignment.Not enough information is presented in the study to determine if personnel were blinded |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Blinded assessor took assessments |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Reasons for missing data in groups provided |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | Trial registration number NCT02390830. Additional outcomes reported in the paper that weren't included in the protocol including the TUG, DGI, ABC and BBS |
| Other bias | Low risk | Sample size calculated and required number of participants recruited |