Comparison 1. Antibiotics versus no treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Development of pyelonephritis	12	2017	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.24 [0.13, 0.41]
1.1 Single dose	1	173	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.21, 0.92]
1.2 Short course (3 to 7 days)	4	568	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.32 [0.11, 0.92]
1.3 Intermediate course (3 to 6 weeks)	2	433	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.17 [0.08, 0.37]
1.4 Continuous treatment	5	843	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.16 [0.04, 0.57]
2 Preterm birth < 37 weeks	3	327	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.34 [0.13, 0.88]
2.1 Single dose	0	0	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.2 Short course (3 to 7 days)	2	154	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.36 [0.05, 2.72]
2.3 Intermediate course (3 to 6 weeks)	0	0	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.4 Continuous treatment	1	173	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.36 [0.14, 0.95]
3 Birthweight < 2500 g	6	1437	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.64 [0.45, 0.93]
3.1 Single dose	1	413	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.36, 1.18]
3.2 Short course (3 to 7 days)	0	0	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.3 Intermediate course (3 to 6 weeks)	1	278	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.09 [0.55, 2.14]
3.4 Continuous treatment	4	746	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.54 [0.33, 0.87]
4 Persistent bacteriuria	4	596	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.30 [0.18, 0.53]
5 Serious adverse neonatal outcome	3	549	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.64 [0.23, 1.79]
6 Birthweight	2	498	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	21.03 [‐83.65, 125.70]
7 Gestational age at delivery	1	203	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.01, 1.99]