Gold 1966.

Methods	Placebo‐controlled, randomised trial; 2 parallel groups. Quasi‐RCT
Participants	Inclusion criteria: bacteriuria (> 100,000 bacteria/mL x 2: midstream urine) at any prenatal visit Setting: New York, NY (85% non‐white) Number of participants: N = 65
Interventions	Sulfadimethoxine 500 mg daily; sulphadiazine 1 g, 3 times a day after 36 weeks vs placebo Treatment continued until delivery
Outcomes	Persistent bacteriuria at delivery Pyelonephritis Preterm birth (not defined further): treatment group 2/35; placebo 0/30 No infants developed jaundice; no toxic manifestations in women in treatment group
Notes	Only antepartum episodes of pyelonephritis included in analysis. There were 2 postpartum episodes of pyelonephritis in the placebo group, none in treatment group. Dates of study: February 1962 to December 1964 Funding sources: Health Research Council of the City of New York (U‐1177); in‐kind support (antibiotic and placebo tablets) Hoffman‐La Roche Inc. Nutley, NJ Declarations of interest: none reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Women allocated to treatment based on study number: odd number treatment, even number control
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Allocated to treatment based on study number
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Placebo‐controlled; no further details provided
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No details provided
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	It does not appear that there was any loss to follow‐up.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	No definition provided for prematurity.
Other bias	Low risk	The study appears to be free of other sources of bias.
Overall Risk of Bias	Unclear risk	Overall unclear