Summary of findings 4. Multi‐component intervention compared to no intervention for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers.
| Multi‐component intervention compared to no intervention for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers | ||||||
| Patient or population: sedentary workers with musculoskeletal symptoms Setting: office setting Intervention: multi‐component intervention Comparison: no intervention | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with no intervention | Risk with multi‐component intervention | |||||
| Proportion of participants with low back pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term | 625 per 1000 | 581 per 1000 (431 to 794) | RR 0.93 (0.69 to 1.27) | 107 (3 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowa,b | |
| Proportion of participants with upper back pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term | 353 per 1000 | 311 per 1000 (141 to 692) | RR 0.88 (0.40 to 1.96) | 40 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowa,b | |
| Proportion of participants with neck pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term | 623 per 1000 | 623 per 1000 (473 to 822) | RR 1.00 (0.76 to 1.32) | 115 (3 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowa,b | |
| Proportion of participants with shoulder pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term | 207 per 1000 | 172 per 1000 (25 to 1000) | RR 0.83 (0.12 to 5.80) | 66 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b,c | |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; RCT: randomised controlled trial; RR: risk ratio. | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence. High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||||
aConcerns about personnel and outcome assessor blinding; downgraded one level.
bSmall sample size and wide confidence intervals; downgraded one level.
cHigh heterogeneity, I² = 69%; downgraded one level.