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. 2019 Nov 19;2019(11):CD012487. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012487.pub2

Comparison 4. Multi‐component intervention versus no intervention.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Proportion of participants with low back pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term 3 107 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.69, 1.27]
2 Proportion of participants with upper back pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term 2 40 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.40, 1.96]
3 Proportion of participants with neck pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term 3 115 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.0 [0.76, 1.32]
4 Proportion of participants with shoulder pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term 2 66 Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.12, 5.80]
5 Proportion of participants with wrist/hand pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
6 Proportion of participants with elbow pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term 2 20 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.31 [0.09, 1.06]
7 Proportion of participants with hip pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term 2 34 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.15 [0.56, 2.34]
8 Proportion of participants with knee pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term 2 43 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.25 [0.28, 5.68]
9 Proportion of participants with legs/feet/ankles pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term 2 37 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.62 [0.34, 1.15]
10 Proportion of participants with extremity pain/discomfort follow‐up short‐term 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
11 Mean difference in low back pain/discomfort follow‐up medium‐term 1   Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
12 Mean difference in upper back pain/discomfort follow‐up medium‐term 1   Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
13 Mean difference in leg pain/discomfort follow‐up medium‐term 1   Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
14 Mean difference in disability follow‐up medium‐term 1   Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
15 Proportion of participants with low back pain/discomfort follow‐up long‐term 2 67 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.57, 1.40]
16 Proportion of participants with upper back pain/discomfort follow‐up long‐term 2 40 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.52 [0.08, 3.29]
17 Proportion of participants with neck pain/discomfort follow‐up long‐term 2 60 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.67 [0.41, 1.08]
18 Proportion of participants with shoulder pain/discomfort follow‐up long‐term 2 66 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.57, 1.54]
19 Proportion of participants with wrist/hand pain/discomfort follow‐up long‐term 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
20 Proportion of participants with legs/feet/ankle pain/discomfort follow‐up long‐term 2 37 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.48 [0.74, 2.96]
21 Proportion of participants with hip pain/discomfort follow up long‐term 2 34 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.36, 2.37]
22 Proportion of participants with knee pain/discomfort follow‐up long‐term 2 43 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.46, 1.79]
23 Proportion of participants elbow pain/discomfort follow‐up long‐term 2 20 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.35 [0.08, 1.52]
24 Proportion of participants with low back pain follow‐up short‐term (CBA) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
25 Proportion of participants with upper back pain follow‐up short‐term (CBA) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
26 Proportion of participants with neck pain follow‐up short‐term (CBA) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
27 Proportion of participants with shoulder pain follow‐up short‐term (CBA) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
28 Proportion of participants with elbow pain follow‐up short‐term (CBA) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
29 Proportion of participants with wrist/hand pain follow‐up short‐term (CBA) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
30 Proportion of participants with legs/feet/ankles pain follow‐up short‐term (CBA) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
31 Proportion of participants with hip pain follow‐up short‐term (CBA) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
32 Proportion of participants with knee pain follow‐up short‐term (CBA) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected