Healy 2013.

Methods	Study design: non‐random allocation by clusters (floor): CBA, unblinded Study duration: 3 months Dropout: 12% at 3 months (all participants) Location: Melbourne, Australia Recruitment: an invitation email was sent to all potential participants to attend one of two 30‐minute study information sessions delivered by research staff. Participants who subsequently expressed interest were screened via telephone for eligibility
Participants	Population: office workers from a single workplace (Comcare: the government agency responsible for workplace safety, rehabilitation, and compensation for Australian government workplaces) in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia Intervention group: 19 participants (whole group), 2 to 9 with baseline pain Control group: 19 participants (whole group), 1 to 13 with baseline pain Included criteria: required to work at least 0.6 full‐time equivalent; 18 to 65 years of age; ability to speak English; access to telephone, Internet, and dedicated desk at the workplace Excluded criteria: pregnant, non‐ambulatory, planned absence from work for longer than 1 week during the intervention period, no pre‐existing musculoskeletal disorder Baseline characteristics: imbalance in the proportion of participants in intervention and control groups who reported baseline musculoskeletal symptoms
Interventions	Intervention Description of intervention: intervention targets were "Stand Up, Sit Less, Move More". Intervention incorporates organisational strategies (initial 45‐minute consultation with management, a workshop with managers, liaison period allocation to go between researchers and the organisation and send 2 health‐promoting emails), environmental strategies (provision of sit‐stand workstation installed for 4 weeks), and individual strategies (individual coaching sessions) Duration of intervention: 4 weeks Intensity of intervention: not stated Control Description of intervention: usual work practice Duration of intervention: 4 weeks Intensity of intervention: not stated
Outcomes	Outcome name, measurement tool, body region Musculoskeletal health Standardised Nordic Questionnaire for 9 body regions ‐ neck, shoulder, upper back, elbow, wrist, lower back, hip, knee, and ankle Workplace sitting time Work sitting and prolonged sitting measured by activPAL3 accelerometer/inclinometer device Activity outcomes Standing, stepping, stepping at light intensity, stepping at moderate to vigorous intensity measured by activPAL3 accelerometer/inclinometer device Physiological outcomes Weight, fat mass, and fat‐free mass by bioimpedance analysis scale; blood sampling of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides Socio‐demographic outcomes General health, fatigue, eye strain, headaches, digestion and sleep problems, work performance, absenteeism, presenteeism
Identification
Notes	This study was funded by an NHMRC project grant and the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation. Ergotron provided height‐adjustable desks (www.ergotron.com). No financial disclosures were reported by study authors, and they declared that there were no conflicts of interest
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Counfounding CBA	Unclear risk	Quote: "although we adjusted for baseline values and tested for confounding, unmeasured confounders may have affected the results" Judgement comment: there may have been influence from confounders that were not identified
Selection Bias CBA	Low risk	Judgement comment: intervention and control participants were recruited from the same organisation and over the same time period
Blinding of participants and personnel	High risk	Quote: "research staff, participants, and assessors were not blinded to group allocation"
Blinding of outcome assessment	Unclear risk	Quote: "research staff, participants, and assessors were not blind to group allocation" Judgement comment: in addition, for this study, musculoskeletal outcomes were a secondary outcome, so it is unclear whether the fact that participants were not blinded to the intervention would contribute to bias in self‐reporting of musculoskeletal outcomes
Incomplete outcome data	Unclear risk	Judgement comment: for the whole cohort ‐ at 4‐week follow‐up, 3/22 in the intervention group were lost to follow‐up and 2/21 in the control group. Attrition was greater in the intervention group (14%) than in the control group (10%). Attrition details for participants with baseline pain were not provided
Selective reporting	Unclear risk	Judgement comment: the study was not registered as a clinical trial, and there is protocol for comparison. However, all outcomes listed in the methods are reported in the paper
Baseline imbalance	High risk	Judgement comment: Differences in baseline symptoms were considerable for some body regions (e.g. neck, shoulder)