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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Memb Sci. 2019 Sep 7;594:117454. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117454

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

The pH-responsive permeability of two types of functionalized PVDF membranes (Solecta PVDF 700): (1) 12.1 wt% PMAA-PVDF membranes and (2) Pd/Fe particles incorporated PMAA-PVDF membranes (4.1 mg Fe, 0.5 wt% Pd). Due to the dissolution of Fe particles, the permeability at pH 2.3 was not tested. All the membranes were permeated through with target pH solution for 2 h (DI water adjusted with H2SO4 or NaOH) to reach steady state.