Fig. 2.
The pH-responsive permeability of two types of functionalized PVDF membranes (Solecta PVDF 700): (1) 12.1 wt% PMAA-PVDF membranes and (2) Pd/Fe particles incorporated PMAA-PVDF membranes (4.1 mg Fe, 0.5 wt% Pd). Due to the dissolution of Fe particles, the permeability at pH 2.3 was not tested. All the membranes were permeated through with target pH solution for 2 h (DI water adjusted with H2SO4 or NaOH) to reach steady state.