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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Memb Sci. 2019 Sep 7;594:117454. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117454

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8.

Groundwater samples were treated with Pd/Fe nanoparticles in a solution phase study ([Fe] = 72 mg/L, Pd is 0.5 wt% of Fe, 0.5 wt% CMC solution, T = 23 °C, initial pH = 7.8). After post filtration and acid dissolution, the samples were analyzed in purge and trap GC-MS method. The compounds are: chloroform (CF), carbon tetrachloride (CTC), trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The initial concentration ([Species]o) were directly measured of the groundwater samples with the same filtration and acid dissolution steps. Deliberately oxidized Pd/Fe particles were used as the control groups.