Table 3.

The surface area normalized reaction rates (k_sa, Lm⁻²min⁻¹) of each compound in both solution phase and membrane domain studies of groundwater remediation (0.5 wt% Pd in both cases).

Conditions	CF	CTC	TCE	PCE
aSolution phase	0.002	0.101	0.034	0.017
bMembrane domain	0.006	0.019	0.009	0.008

^aEvaluated using a pseudo-first-order reaction, R² > 0.96 for all.

^bEvaluated using a plug flow reactor model, R² > 0.94 for all.