Table 3.
Multinomial Logistic Regression Models Predicting Adolescent Relationship Quality (Reference: In poor, fair, or good relationship)
| Never in Relationship by Year-15 Interview | Not in Relationship at Time of Year-15 Interview | In Very Good/ Excellent Relationship | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RRR | SE | RRR | SE | RRR | SE | ||||
| Mother relationship instability (ref: no transitions) | |||||||||
| Age 3–5 co-residential partnership changes only | 0.74 | (0.23) | 0.80 | (0.23) | 0.89 | (0.27) | |||
| Age 5–9 co-residential partnership changes only | 0.71 | (0.19) | 0.92 | (0.23) | 0.88 | (0.23) | |||
| Early and later co-residential partnership changes | 0.65 | (0.18) | 0.94 | (0.24) | 1.16 | (0.31) | |||
| Mother relationship quality (ref: no poor-quality relationships) | |||||||||
| Age 3 or age 5 poor-quality relationship only | 0.88 | (0.24) | 0.80 | (0.21) | 0.81 | (0.22) | |||
| Age 9 poor-quality relationship only | 0.58 | (0.19) | 0.54 | * | (0.17) | 0.40 | ** | (0.14) | |
| Early and later poor-quality relationship | 0.93 | (0.34) | 0.90 | (0.32) | 0.88 | (0.32) | |||
| Controls | |||||||||
| Adolescent age (months) at year-15 interview | 0.97 | * | (0.01) | 1.00 | (0.01) | 1.01 | (0.01) | ||
| Mother harsh parenting toward focal child | |||||||||
| Psychological aggression age 3 | 0.69 | (0.20) | 0.83 | (0.22) | 0.91 | (0.25) | |||
| Psychological aggression age 5 | 0.67 | (0.19) | 0.81 | (0.21) | 0.77 | (0.21) | |||
| Psychological aggression age 9 | 0.66 | (0.17) | 0.84 | (0.20) | 0.76 | (0.18) | |||
| Physical aggression age 3 | 1.32 | (0.39) | 1.45 | (0.41) | 1.37 | (0.39) | |||
| Physical aggression age 5 | 1.67 | (0.49) | 1.29 | (0.38) | 1.20 | (0.34) | |||
| Physical aggression age 9 | 0.89 | (0.24) | 0.79 | (0.20) | 0.96 | (0.25) | |||
| Adolescent female | 1.54 | * | (0.29) | 0.87 | (0.16) | 0.98 | (0.18) | ||
| Mother’s education at baseline (ref: < high school) | |||||||||
| HS diploma, < BA/BS | 1.48 | (0.32) | 1.83 | ** | (0.36) | 1.61 | * | (0.33) | |
| BA/BS or graduate school | 1.25 | (0.61) | 1.03 | (0.49) | 0.82 | (0.41) | |||
| Mother’s poverty ratio at baseline (ref: 0–49% of FPL) | |||||||||
| 50–99% of FPL | 0.56 | * | (0.16) | 0.65 | (0.17) | 0.63 | (0.18) | ||
| 100–199% of FPL | 0.80 | (0.23) | 0.85 | (0.22) | 0.72 | (0.20) | |||
| 200–299% of FPL | 0.83 | (0.27) | 0.77 | (0.24) | 0.61 | (0.20) | |||
| 300% plus of FPL | 1.83 | (0.76) | 1.50 | (0.60) | 1.14 | (0.47) | |||
| Mother’s race/ethnicity (ref: Non-Hispanic White) | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.51 | (0.18) | 0.42 | * | (0.14) | 0.38 | ** | (0.13) | |
| Hispanic | 0.78 | (0.31) | 0.59 | (0.23) | 0.44 | * | (0.17) | ||
| Other | 0.77 | (0.49) | 0.47 | (0.29) | 0.35 | (0.23) | |||
| Mother US-born | 0.68 | (0.23) | 0.97 | (0.33) | 0.96 | (0.34) | |||
| Mother not in relationship age 3 | 0.79 | (0.19) | 0.79 | (0.17) | 0.67 | (0.15) | |||
| Mother not in relationship age 5 | 1.06 | (0.25) | 1.32 | (0.29) | 1.44 | (0.33) | |||
| Mother not in relationship age 9 | 1.18 | (0.28) | 1.06 | (0.23) | 0.94 | (0.22) | |||
| Mother marital status at child’s birth (ref: Not married or cohabiting) | |||||||||
| Married | 2.09 | * | (0.72) | 1.49 | (0.50) | 1.40 | (0.49) | ||
| Cohabiting | 1.49 | (0.33) | 1.40 | (0.29) | 1.42 | (0.31) | |||
| Mother’s age at child’s birth | 1.03 | (0.02) | 1.01 | (0.02) | 1.00 | (0.02) | |||
| N | 3,135 | ||||||||
Source: Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, Birth to Year-15 Waves
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
***
p<0.001 (two-tailed)
Notes: n=719 in “never in relationship” category, n=1,547 in “not in relationship at time of year-15 interview” category, n=726 in “in very good/excellent relationship” category, and n=143 in “in poor, fair, or good relationship” category of dependent variable