Table 2. ECG and CMR findings and association with MACE.
| Univariable (MACE) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Total | HR (95% CI) | p-value |
| ECG | |||
| Abnormal ECG | 457 (78) | 2.20 (1.17–4.12) | 0.014* |
| QRS-T Angle (°) | 36 [17–83] | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <0.001* |
| Wide QRS-T Angle (≥90°) | 132 (22) | 2.41 (1.59–3.66) | <0.001* |
| Low Voltage | 51 (9) | 1.87 (1.06–3.30) | 0.031* |
| fQRS☨ | 132 (23☨) | 0.76 (0.46–1.25) | 0.279 |
| Notched R | 86 (15) | 0.67 (0.36–1.27) | 0.221 |
| Notched S | 60 (11) | 0.89 (0.46–1.72) | 0.731 |
| rSr | 38 (7) | 0.86 (0.38–1.97) | 0.722 |
| RSR’ | 22 (4) | 0.97 (0.31–3.05) | 0.952 |
| Fragmented | 21 (4) | 0.54 (0.13–2.20) | 0.390 |
| Q-wave | 77 (13) | 1.35 (0.79–2.32) | 0.272 |
| T-wave | 175 (30) | 1.29 (0.85–1.96) | 0.240 |
| ST Elevation | 32 (5) | 0.44 (0.14–1.40) | 0.164 |
| ST Depression | 26 (4) | 0.58 (0.18–1.84) | 0.356 |
| PR Depression | 10 (2) | 0.05 (0.00–21.5) | 0.328 |
| PR Duration (ms) | 161±36 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.659 |
| PR Duration (≥200ms) | 43 (7) | 1.33 (0.64–2.76) | 0.443 |
| QRS Duration (ms) | 100±23 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.927 |
| QRS Duration (≥120ms) | 99 (17) | 0.89 (0.51–1.58) | 0.700 |
| QTc Duration (ms) | 445±49 | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001* |
| QTc Duration (≥470 for females, ≥450 for males) | 197 (34) | 2.14 (1.42–3.21) | <0.001* |
| Left Bundle Branch Block | 55 (9) | 0.76 (0.35–1.63) | 0.476 |
| Right Bundle Branch Block | 42 (7) | 1.11 (0.54–2.29) | 0.785 |
| Tissue Characterisation | |||
| LGE Presence | 275 (47) | 2.17 (1.43–3.31) | <0.001* |
| T2w | 117 (28☨) | 1.91(1.15–3.15) | 0.012* |
| T1 (≥1072ms) | 65 (40☨) | 0.86 (0.35–2.12) | 0.753 |
| ECV (≥35%) | 45 (20☨) | 3.43 (1.42–8.29) | 0.006* |
| Characteristics | |||
| LVEF (%) | 47.9±15.6 | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | <0.001* |
| LVEDVi (ml/m2) | 99±34 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.001* |
| Dilated LVEDVi & LVEF≤50%‡ • >95 ml/m2 (Females <60years) • >86 ml/m2 (Females ≥60years) • >100 ml/m2 (Males <60years) • >94 ml/m2 (Males ≥60years) |
165 (28) | 2.74 (1.77–4.24) | <0.001* |
| LVESVi (ml/m2) | 55±36 | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001* |
| CI (ml/min/m2) | 3135±816 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.004* |
| LV Massi (g/m2) | 61±17 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.073 |
| RVEF (%) | 48.5±11.4 | 0.95 (0.93–0.96) | <0.001* |
| Pericardial Effusion | 157 (27) | 2.15 (1.43–3.24) | <0.001** |
| Pleural Effusion | 78 (13) | 3.86 (2.48–6.01) | <0.001* |
| Age (years) | 48±16 | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | <0.001* |
| Sex (female) | 242 (41%) | 1.51 (1.01–2.27) | 0.044* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7±6.1 | 1.05 (1.02–1.09) | 0.001* |
| Peak Blood Markers§ | |||
| Creatinine Kinase (U/l) | 140 [69–506] | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.844 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 13 [4–74] | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.884 |
| NT-proBNP (ng/ml) | 1.51 [0.31–5.20] | 1.13 (1.08–1.17) | <0.001* |
| Troponin (ng/ml) | 0.08 [0.00–0.45] | 1.10 (0.92–1.31) | 0.311 |
| White blood cell count (109/l) | 8.4 [6.7–11.6] | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.581 |
Mean±SD, median [interquartile range] or n (%) are shown for the ECG and CMR findings, along with the univariable hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals for the association with MACE (total of 94 events). BMI: Body Mass Index, CI: Cardiac Index, ECV: Extracellular Volume, HR: Hazard Ratio, LGE: Late Gadolinium Enhancement, LVEF: Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, LVEDVi: Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume Index, LVESVi: Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume Index, RVEF: Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction, T2w: T2 Weighted.
*p<0.05 denotes a significant univariate relationship.
☨fQRS analysis was only available in 571 participants, T2 in 425 cases, T1 in 164 cases and ECV in 153.
‡Cut-off measurements for LVEDVi based on +two standard deviations of age-stratified reference values[18].
§Laboratory markers were not systemically measured in all patients and were available in less than half the population.