Table 4. Outcomes comparison by use of headsets.
| Variable | With headsets Mean ± SE |
Without headsets Mean ± SE |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall scorea | 113.0±1.6 | 101.4±1.6 | < .001 |
| Noise level—average C (dB)b | 64.1±0.4 | 64.8±0.4 | .093 |
| Noise level—average B (dB)b | 66.2±0.5 | 66.3±0.4 | .767 |
| Noise level—above 70dB C (%)b | 5.3±0.6 | 8.2±0.6 | < .001 |
| Noise level—above 70dB B (%)b | 14.0±2.1 | 15.2±2.1 | .595 |
| Estimated blood loss (ml)c | 117.1±34.3 | 112.3±31.2 | 0.883 |
| Total time (min)c | 296.0±16.6 | 277.2±15.1 | 0.240 |
| Cut-close time (min)c | 228.0±15.2 | 205.2±13.8 | 0.119 |
| Console time (min)c | 152.1±10.3 | 156.0±9.5 | 0.692 |
| Postoperative complications Clavien-Dindo [14] Grades II-V (n) |
5 | 6 | .975 |
| Length of stay (days)c | 2.2±0.2 | 2.0±0.2 | 0.433 |
B, bedside; C, console; SE, standard error
aAdjusted by operating room and role of the responder within the surgical team.
bBackground-corrected noise adjusted by operating room and team size.
cAdjusted by patient’s age, sex, body mass index, diagnosis, average robotic experience of the team and procedure type.