Table 1. Total frequencies of sociodemographic traits in sample population, prevalence of at-risk/problem gambling for various variable groups, and statistical associations between variable groups and at-risk/problem gambling calculated with the chi-squared test.
Data was collected through a survey conducted in Sweden with a total sample size of 2045 participants.
| Variables | No problem gambling (n = 1922), n(%) | Problem gambling (n = 116), n(%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 18–24 | 73 (4) | 6 (5) | 0.002* |
| 25–29 | 150 (8) | 13 (11) | ||
| 30–39 | 339 (18) | 25 (22) | ||
| 40–49 | 426 (22) | 34 (29) | ||
| 50–59 | 308 (16) | 15 (13) | ||
| 60+ | 626 (33) | 23 (20) | ||
| Gender a | Woman | 1073 (56) | 41 (35) | <0.001* |
| Man | 843 (44) | 75 (65) | ||
| Transgender | 3 (0) | 0 | ||
| Rather not answer | 3 (0) | 0 | ||
| Primary Occupation b | Studying | 114 (6) | 8 (7) | 0.479 |
| Working | 1212 (63) | 82 (71) | ||
| Job seeking | 49 (3) | 2 (2) | ||
| Retired | 456 (24) | 17 (15) | ||
| House wife/husband | 17 (1) | 1 (1) | ||
| Sick leave | 54 (3) | 6 (5) | ||
| Other | 20 (1) | 0 | ||
| Highest level of education achieved c | Elementary school | 102 (5) | 7 (6) | 0.010* |
| High school | 691 (36) | 52 (45) | ||
| Incomplete university degree | 291 (15) | 19 (16) | ||
| Completed university degree | 756 (39) | 30 (26) | ||
| Other | 82 (4) | 8 (7) | ||
| Monthly Income (SEK) | Less than 10,000 | 137 (7) | 9 (8) | 0.772 |
| 10,000–15,000 | 185 (10) | 16 (14) | ||
| 15,000–20,000 | 178 (9) | 8 (7) | ||
| 20,000–25,000 | 208 (11) | 10 (9) | ||
| 25,000–30,000 | 297 (15) | 21 (18) | ||
| 30,000–35,000 | 311 (16) | 21 (18) | ||
| 35,000–40,000 | 210 (11) | 14 (12) | ||
| 40,000–45,000 | 135 (7) | 5 (4) | ||
| 45,000–50,000 | 92 (5) | 4 (3) | ||
| Higher than 50,000 | 169 (9) | 8 (7) | ||
| Marital status d | Single | 448 (23) | 41 (35) | 0.018* |
| Married/partner/partnership | 1328 (69) | 68 (59) | ||
| Widow/widower | 28 (1) | 0 | ||
| Divorced/separated | 118 (6) | 7 (6) | ||
| Place of Birth e | Sweden | 1767 (92) | 105 (91) | 0.070 |
| Other Nordic country (Denmark, Norway, Finland, Iceland) | 50 (3) | 0 | ||
| Other country in Europe | 65 (3) | 5 (4) | ||
| Other country outside of Europe | 40 (2) | 6 (5) |
* Indicative of significant associations.
a Due to nominal characteristic of variable, chi-square test was conducted with males vs. women and transgender individuals
b Due to nominal characteristic of variable, chi-square test was conducted with job seeking and sick leave vs. all other options (including studying, working, retied, house wife/husband, and other).
c Due to the uncertainty of ‘other’ category, chi-square test was conducted with any kind of university education (incomplete and complete) vs. all other options (including elementary school, high school, and other).
d Due to nominal characteristic of variable, chi-square test was conducted with married/partner/partnership vs. all other options (including single, widow/widower, and divorced/separated).
e Due to nominal characteristic of variable, chi-square test was conducted with Sweden and other Nordic countries vs. all other options (including other country in Europe and other country outside of Europe).