Overexpression of ATRAP Reversed β5i-Enhanced Signaling Pathways and HR after Ang II Infusion
(A) Immunoblotting analysis of β5i, ATRAP, p65, p-p65, TGF-β, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, Akt, and p-Akt protein expression in the retinas (left) and quantification of each protein (right; n = 4 per group). GAPDH as an internal control. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 versus Ad-GFP-injected mice infused with Ang II or Ad-β5i-injected mice infused with Ang II. (B) A working model for regulation of retinopathy by β5i. After Ang II stimulation, increased β5i expression and activity promoted ATRAP degradation, which causes activation of NF-κB-p65, TGF-β/Smad2/3, Akt, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, thereby leading to HR.