Table 1.

Concentrations of Ponceau S sold by Manufacturers

Company	Product Number	Composition of Ponceau S solution	Suggested staining method
Advansta	R-03021 -D5	Not reported	Incubate the membrane in the ready-to-use AdvanStain Ponceau solution for 5 minutes or less to detect protein bands. The membrane can be destained in minutes by incubating in water [20].
Biotium	22001	0.1% Ponceau S (w/v) and 5% (v/v) acetic acid.	The dye rapidly stains proteins on membranes pink or light red for easy visual inspection of protein transfer. The staining is reversible and compatible with subsequent Western blotting [21].
Cell Signaling Technology	59803	Not reported	Incubate membrane in Ponceau S solution for 5-10 minutes at room temperature (RT). Wash the membrane in distilled water (DI) for 1-5 minutes until pink protein bands are visible. Image membrane and then wash in 1X TBST multiple times for 5 minutes at RT until protein bands are no longer visible [22].
G Biosciences	786-575	Not reported	Transfer membrane to 5ml Ponceau S stain solution on an orbital shaker for 5 minutes at RT. Rinse membrane with DI water to achieve desired staining, approximately 2-3 washes of 5 minutes each. For protein destaining, wash the membrane with 0.1N NaOH solution for 5 minutes and repeat once. Wash the membrane 2-3 times with DI water for 5 minutes each [23].
Novus Biologicals	NB5225	0.1% (w/v) Ponceau S and 5% (v/v) acetic acid	Not given [24].
Pan Reac AppliChem	A2935	0.1% (w/v) Ponceau S and 5% (v/v) acetic acid	Wash the membrane briefly in TBST and stain the transfer membrane in staining solution for 5-10 min at RT. Destain in water until the background becomes clear [25].
Rockland	MB-072-0500	Ponceau S in a specially formulated acetate buffer	Ponceau S stain is designed for rapid (5 min) staining on nitrocellulose or PVDF membranes [26].
Santa Cruz Biotechnology	sc-301558	0.1 % (w/v) in 5% (v/v) acetic acid	Rapid (5 min) staining of protein bands on PVDF or nitrocellulose membranes. Staining is reversible by washing the membrane with 0.1 M NaOH for 1 min [27].
SERVA	33427.01	0.2 % (w/v) Ponceau S and 3 % (w/v) TCA	A rapid, reversible stain for the detection of proteins in Western blot experiments. It is easily reversed with repetitive washings in water [28].
Sigma-Aldrich	P 7170	0.1% (w/v) Ponceau S and 5% (v/v) acetic acid	Immerse membrane in Ponceau S staining solution for 5 minutes. After proteins have been visualized, rinse the membrane with DI and rapidly immerse in an aqueous solution of 0.1 M NaOH. Then, rinse the membrane with running distilled water for 2-3 minutes [29].