Table 3. Differences in perceptions of disclosure of patient safety incidents based on general characteristics.
| Total perceptions of disclosure of patient safety incidents | Open disclosure across harm levels | Open disclosure across situations | Justification of open disclosure | Negative consequences of open disclosure | Positive consequences of open disclosure | Facilitators of open disclosure | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD, slope |
t, F | Mean±SD, slope |
t, F | Mean±SD, slope |
t, F | Mean±SD, slope |
t, F | Mean±SD, slope |
t, F | Mean±SD, slope |
t, F | Mean±SD, slope |
t, F | ||
| Gender | Male | 95.25±9.75 | -0.233 (0.816) |
10.11±1.59 | -0.075 (0.943) |
17.91±3.31 | 0.513 (0.610) |
14.23±1.97 | -0.955 (0.270) |
12.72±2.53 | 1.097 (0.247) |
19.53±2.56 | 0.390 (0.697) |
20.75±2.51 | -2.260 (0.024) |
| Female | 95.55±8.88 | 10.13±1.51 | 17.66±2.70 | 14.50±1.61 | 12.28±2.75 | 19.38±2.67 | 21.61±2.59 | ||||||||
| Age | 0.188 | 0.855 (0.393) |
-0.024 | -0.637 (0.525) |
0.100 | 1.474 (0.141) |
0.031 | 0.768 (0.443) |
-0.040 | -0.602 (0.548) |
0.072 | 1.110 (0.268) |
0.048 | 0.756 (0.450) |
|
| Grade | Years 1–2 | 96.13±8.95 | 1.439 (0.151) |
10.29±1.50 | 2.249 (0.025) |
17.91±2.71 | 1.622 (0.106) |
14.36±1.68 | -1.313 (0.190) |
12.63±2.52 | 2.261 (0.025) |
19.66±2.57 | 2.060 (0.040) |
21.29±2.51 | -1.698 (0.090) |
| Years 3–4 | 94.85±9.00 | 9.95±1.52 | 17.46±2.86 | 14.57±1.64 | 12.02±2.90 | 19.12±2.72 | 21.73±2.66 | ||||||||
| Religion | No | 95.30±8.88 | -0.554 (0.580) |
10.13±1.59 | -0.002 (0.999) |
17.57±2.72 | -1.038 (0.304) |
14.37±1.67 | -1.241 (0.215) |
12.37±2.49 | 0.267 (0.790) |
19.49±2.60 | 0.871 (0.384) |
21.37±2.68 | -1.193 (0.234) |
| Yes | 95.80±9.14 | 10.13±1.42 | 17.86±2.87 | 14.58±1.65 | 12.29±3.03 | 19.26±2.73 | 21.68±2.47 | ||||||||
| Economic status | Low | 95.83±7.96 | 2.524 (0.081) |
10.38±1.33 | 2.593 (0.076) |
17.51±2.65 | 1.571 (0.209) |
14.81±1.53 | 1.182 (0.308) |
11.91±2.69 | 1.024 (0.360) |
19.62±2.40 | 2.285 (0.103) |
21.60±2.56 | 1.289 (0.277) |
| Middle | 95.10±8.96 | 10.04±1.51 | 17.63±2.76 | 14.41±1.68 | 12.34±2.75 | 19.27±2.64 | 21.41±2.62 | ||||||||
| High | 98.45±9.90 | 10.53±1.66 | 18.43±3.09 | 14.48±1.71 | 12.75±2.59 | 20.18±2.93 | 22.10±2.36 | ||||||||
| Major satisfaction | Very lowa | 99.50±10.61 | 2.700 (0.030) b < e |
11.00±1.41 | 1.100 (0.356) |
20.00±1.41 | 0.637 (0.636) |
15.50±0.71 | 2.360 (0.053) |
11.00±5.66 | 1.246 (0.291) |
19.50±4.95 | 2.892 (0.022) b < e |
22.50±2.12 | 3.886 (0.004) c < e |
| Lowb | 94.42±10.48 | 9.74±1.56 | 17.42±3.50 | 14.84±1.26 | 11.21±3.05 | 19.16±3.82 | 22.05±2.55 | ||||||||
| Moderatec | 94.80±9.19 | 10.20±1.46 | 17.56±2.67 | 14.31±1.69 | 12.42±2.53 | 19.32±2.52 | 20.99±2.81 | ||||||||
| Highd | 95.25±8.63 | 10.04±1.54 | 17.72±2.80 | 14.40±1.73 | 12.30±2.58 | 19.20±2.52 | 21.59±2.49 | ||||||||
| Very highe | 99.68±8.36 | 10.41±1.56 | 18.05±2.87 | 15.10±1.22 | 12.78±3.66 | 20.71±2.84 | 22.63±1.74 | ||||||||
| Mean | 1.298 | 2.189 (0.029) |
0.046 | 0.456 (0.649) |
0.133 | 0.721 (0.471) |
0.124 | 1.126 (0.261) |
0.250 | 1.384 (0.167) |
0.322 | 1.833 (0.068) |
0.423 | 2.478 (0.014) |
|
| Received nursing ethics education | No | 94.80±8.85 | -0.665 (0.506) |
10.14±1.52 | 0.127 (0.899) |
17.53±2.92 | -1.136 (0.257) |
14.38±1.73 | -0.981 (0.329) |
12.28±2.60 | -0.410 (0.681) |
19.24±2.69 | -1.092 (0.276) |
21.42±2.59 | -0.539 (0.590) |
| Yes | 95.63±9.03 | 10.12±1.51 | 17.84±2.67 | 14.54±1.61 | 12.39±2.84 | 19.53±2.62 | 21.56±2.60 | ||||||||
| Received patient safety education | No | 94.98±9.03 | -1.115 (0.265) |
9.82±1.47 | -1.742 (0.078) |
17.59±2.23 | -0.309 (0.713) |
14.21±1.75 | -1.260 (0.231) |
12.05±2.93 | -0.903 (0.397) |
19.59±2.73 | 0.633 (0.537) |
21.54±2.91 | 0.150 (0.881) |
| Yes | 95.98±8.96 | 10.19±1.52 | 17.71±2.88 | 14.50±1.65 | 12.39±2.69 | 19.36±2.65 | 21.49±2.54 | ||||||||
| Familiarity with open disclosure |
No | 95.34±8.75 | 1.230 (0.298) |
10.17±1.47 | 0.979 (0.357) |
17.74±2.84 | 0.592 (0.554) |
14.49±1.62 | 0.639 (0.523) |
12.26±2.64 | -0.686 (0.493) |
19.25±2.57 | -1.747 (0.098) |
21.43±2.57 | -0.930 (0.362) |
| Yes | 95.88±9.63 | 10.00±1.65 | 17.55±2.62 | 14.37±1.80 | 12.48±2.89 | 19.78±2.84 | 21.70±2.66 | ||||||||