Table 1.

Both rhodopsin and melanopsin are present in same sperm cells.

Types of stained cells	Percentage of cellsa
Cells stained by both anti-rhodopsin and anti-melanopsin antibodiesb	81
Cells stained by anti-rhodopsin antibody only	0
Cells stained by anti-melanopsin antibody only	19
Cells neither stained by anti-rhodopsin nor by anti-melanopsin antibodies	0

Human sperm cells were washed and incubated for capacitation as described in Methods.

^aThe total number of cells used for the counting and considered as 100% was 58 (out a total of 105 cells photographed; staining of the other cells could not be determined with sufficient confidence).

^bSee Methods for the antibodies used. Cells were considered as stained when the measured intensity of their staining per unit area was both larger than the sum mean + SD of the negative control (staining with secondary antibody only) and larger than 150% of the mean of the negative control.