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. 2020 Jan 10;11:221. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13938-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Call responses (blue bars) to call playbacks (gray) during bilateral infusion of saline in HVC (control). b Accelerated call responses (orange bars) during infusion of 0.01 mM gabazine. c Response probability distributions for control (blue) and gabazine (orange) conditions in (a, b). d Call response latency significantly decreases during the gabazine condition (orange) compared to pre-surgery (control*) and saline control conditions (blue). Response latency: control* = 266 ± 51 ms, gabazine = 166 ± 25 ms, control = 249 ± 68 ms, Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.0081, n = 5 birds). e Mean Precision: control* = 5.64 ± 4.25, gabazine = 7.73 ± 3.46, control = 4.42 ± 2.36, Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.164, n = 5 birds). f Spectrograms of example calls from one bird during the control (left) and gabazine (right) conditions. g Effects of reduced inhibition on call acoustic features for example bird shown in (f). h Call pitch during control and gabazine condition (mean pitch (control) = 530 ± 59 Hz, mean pitch (gabazine) = 530 ± 50 Hz, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p = 1, n = 5 birds). i Call duration during control and gabazine conditions (mean duration control: 81 ± 18 ms, gabazine: 84 ± 19 ms, Wilcoxon sign rank test, p = 1, n = 5 birds). j Response rates during control vs. gabazine infusions (mean control: 29.0 ± 16.4 calls/min, gabazine: 35.9 ± 23.5 calls/min, Wilcoxon sign rank test, p = 1, n = 5 birds). Error bars: standard deviation. k. l Call response distributions for jamming avoidance task during (k) control (blue) and (l) gabazine (orange) infusions. Gray box: normalized jamming window, dark: baseline, light: during jamming call playbacks (n = 5 birds). m Percent of calls expected to overlap with the jamming window based on response to 1 Hz call playbacks (left). Percent of calls overlapping with jamming playbacks (right) (mean control: 25 ± 6% of calls vs. gabazine: 37 ± 11% of calls overlapping with jamming playback, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, p = 0.0459, n = 5 birds). Source data is available as a Source Data file.