Fig. 1.

Histological assessment by H&E staining of CM PDXs. (A–B) Representative images of PDX flank tumors with their patient-matched tumors from lung (A) or breast (B) CM. Inset in (A) show areas of keratinization patterns: clear visible eosinophilic keratinization and single cell keratinization (black arrow). (C–D) Evidence of brain tumor formation after intracranial injections (C) or intracardiac injections, which shows multifocal lesions (D). (E) Examples of extracranial macrometastasis formation from flank-implanted CM13 PDX in lung and liver. (F) Brain micrometastases were identified in flank-implanted CM13 PDX as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining for human-specific human leukocyte antigen A. Scale bars represent 200 μm (A–C) or 100 μm (E–F).