Table 2.
Subgroup and sensitivity analysis for the prevalence of headaches among patients with epilepsy
| Subgroups | No. of studies | Prevalence (%) | 95% CI | Heterogeneity within the study (I2, Q and p-value) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q-value | I2 (%) | P-value | ||||
| Types of Headache | ||||||
| Tension type headache (TTH) | 9 | 26.2 | 18.9–35.0 | 197.938 | 95.958 | < 0.01 |
| Migraine with aura | 15 | 26.0 | 17.5–36.7 | 738.659 | 98.105 | |
| Migraine without aura | 3 | 10.4 | 5.20–19.7 | 11.064 | 81.924 | |
| Ictal headache (IH) | 7 | 42.2 | 26.8–59.2 | 523.957 | 98.664 | |
| Post ictal headache (PIH) | 7 | 43.1 | 30.9–56.3 | 348.352 | 97.991 | |
| Countries | ||||||
| Developed | 6 | 50.6 | 35.9–65.3 | 142.400 | 96.489 | < 0.01 |
| Developing | 11 | 49.5 | 38.1–60.9 | 885.368 | 98.871 | |
| Study design | ||||||
| Cross-sectional | 13 | 53.4 | 39.2–67.0 | 909.646 | 98.681 | < 0.01 |
| Cohort | 3 | 37.9 | 21.3–57.8 | 30.119 | 93.360 | |
| Case-control | 1 | 25.0 | 18.0–33.6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 7 | 33.3 | 21.1–48.3 | 235.349 | 97.451 | < 0.01 |
| Female | 7 | 63.0 | 49.1–75.1 | 197.232 | 96.958 | |