Table 1.
Summary of substrate‐bound AAA+ motor structures determined by cryo‐EM. Abbreviations are as follows: N‐terminal domain (NTD), Walker B (WB), and not applicable (N/A)
| Protein | Species | Nucleotide state | Mutation | Substrate | Resolution (Å) | PDB | EMDB | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yme1 | S. cerevisiae | ATP | WB (E381Q), CCHex | No added substrate | 3.4 | 6AZ0 | 7,023 | Puchades 201750 |
| AFG3L2 | H. sapiens | AMPPNP | WB (E408Q), protease inactive (E575Q) | No added substrate | 3.1 | 6NYY | 552 | Puchades 201951 |
| Vps4 | S. cerevisiae | ADP•BeFx | N/A | Peptide | 4.3 | 5UIE | 8,549 | Monroe54 |
| Vps4 | S. cerevisiae | ADP•BeFx | N/A | Peptide | 3.2 | 6BMF, 6AP1 | 8,887 | Han 201752 |
| Vps4 | S. cerevisiae | ADP•BeFx | N/A | Circular peptide | 3.6 | 6NDY | 443 | Han 201953 |
| Spastin | D. melanogaster | ATP | WB (E583Q) | Poly‐glutamate peptide | 3.2 | 6P07 | 20,226 | Sandate55 |
| 26S | S. cerevisiae | ATP | N/A | Poly‐Ub'ed titin(PY) | 4.1–4.7 | 6EF0, 6EF1, 6EF2, 6EF3 | 9,042–9,045 | de la Peña56 |
| 26S | H. sapiens | ATPγS | N/A | Poly‐Ub'ed Sic1(PY) | 2.8–3.6 | 6MSB, 6MSD, 6MSE, 6MSG, 6MSH, 6MSJ, 6MSK | 9,215–9,229 | Dong57 |
| VAT | T. acidophilum | ATPγS | ΔNTD | No added substrate | 4.8 | 5VCA | 8,658, 8,659 | Ripstein58 |
| NSF | C. griseus | ATP, EDTA, no Mg2+ | N/A | SNARE protein, SNAP‐25A | 3.8, 3.9 | 6MDO, 6MDP | 9,102, 9,103 | White62 |
| Cdc48 | S. cerevisiae | ATP | D2 WB (E588Q) | Poly‐Ub'ed mEOS | 3.9 | 60A9 | 0665 | Twomey60 |
| Cdc48 | S. cerevisiae | ADP•BeFx | N/A | Poly‐Ub'ed mEOS | 4.1, 3.6 | 60AA, 60AB | 0666, 20,000 | Twomey60 |
| Cdc48 | S. cerevisiae | ADP•BeFx | N/A | Endogenous substrate | 3.7 | 60 MB, 60PC | 20,124 | Cooney59 |
| Rix7 | S. cerevisiae | No added nucleotide | Double WB (E303Q, E602Q) | No added substrate | 4.5 | 6MAT | 9,063 | Lo61 |
| Hsp104 | S. cerevisiae | ATPγS | N/A | Casein | 3.9, 4.1 | 5VJH, 5VYA | 8,697, 8,746 | Gates63 |
| ClpB | E. coli | ATPγS | BAP variant, double WB (E279A/E678A) | Casein | 4.5–5 | 5OFO | 3,776, 3,777 | Deville 201765 |
| ClpB | M. Tuberculosis | ATPγS | N/A | Casein | 3.8–3.9 | 6DJU, 6DJV | 7,492, 7,493 | Yu64 |
| ClpB | E. coli | ATPγS | De‐repressed (K476C) | Casein | 2.9 | 6OAX, 6OAY | 20,004–20,005 | Rizo66 |
| ClpB | E. coli | ATPγS | De‐repressed (K476C), double WB (E279A/E678A) | Casein | 3.6–4.1 | 6qs6, 6qs7, 6qs8, 6qs4 | 4,621, 4,624–4,627 | Deville 201969 |
| ClpB | E. coli | ATPγS | Double WB (E279A/E678A) | Casein | 4–6 | 6rn2, 6rn3, 6rn4 | 4,640–4,642 | Deville 201969 |
| Hsp101 | P. malariae | ATPγS | N/A | PTEX cargo polypeptide | 3–3.6 | X6E10 | 8,951 | Ho67 |
| TRIP13 | H. sapiens | ATPγS | WB (E253Q) | p31comet‐C‐MAD2‐CDC20 complex | 4.3–4.5 | 6F0X | 4,166 | Alfieri68 |