Table 2.

The Effects of the Home Language Environment on Later Child Language Skills

Response variable	MSEL VDQ			MSEL VDQ			MSEL VDQ			MSEL VDQ
Predictor variable	AWC at 9 months			AWC at 15 months			CTC at 9 months			CTC at 15 months
	F	P-value/q-value	β	F	P-value/q-value	β	F	P-value/q-value	β	F	P-value/q-value	β
Group	1.94	0.152	−19.81a 3.37b	0.57	0.567	−11.26a −2.97b	1.80	0.174	24.49a 0.30b	1.76	0.1809	−20.56a 1.48b
Home language Environment	8.70	0.004 0.005	0.0008	16.78	0.0001 0.0002	0.0007	7.61	0.007 0.007	0.0374	16.53	0.0001 0.0002	0.0358
Group × home Language	1.26	0.289	0.0009a 0.0003b	1.26	0.289	0.0011a 0.0005b	1.40	0.254	0.0598a 0.044b	2.23	0.1156	0.0739a .0033b
Control variables	F	P-value	β	F	P-value	β	F	P-value	β	F	P-value	β
Sex of infant	0.07	0.797	1.096	0.72	0.400	−3.30	0.00	0.972	0.153	0.40	0.531	−2.45
Site	1.84	0.148	0.17c −12.61d −5.47e	2.27	0.088	−6.09c −13.96d −10.29e	1.97	0.127	−4.01c −14.51d −8.07e	2.25	0.090	−6.90c −13.75d −10.76e
Maternal education	3.39	0.040	−13.02f −0.60g	3.53	0.034	−11.79f 0.77g	4.17	0.020	−14.91f −8.07g	2.05	0.136	−9.88f −0.58g
Tests of groups
HR-ASD	2.78	0.007	0.0016	3.32	0.001	0.0006	2.70	0.008	0.0972	3.42	0.0011	0.0321
HR-Neg	0.87	0.386	0.0005	2.49	0.015	0.0005	1.28	0.205	0.0286	2.45	0.0172	0.0160
LR-Neg	1.43	0.156	0.0008	1.49	0.141	0.0005	0.96	0.341	0.0374	1.49	0.1417	0.0359

Notes: Covariates in all models include sex of the infant, maternal education, and clinical data collection site. Q-values are FDR corrected p-values. AWC, adult word count; CTC, conversational turn count. Unstandardized beta coefficients comparing the reference group (LR-Neg) to HR-ASD^a and HR-Neg^b. Unstandardized beta coefficients comparing the reference group (UNC Chapel Hill) to Children’s Hospital Philadelphia^c, University of Washington^d, and Washington University of St. Louis^e. Unstandardized beta coefficients comparing the reference group (Graduate Degree) to High School Degree^f and College Degree^g.