Table 2.

Principal Characteristics and Adverse Events or Complications in Relation to the Presence of Diabetes and Stress Hyperglycemia

Variable	Diabetes, No SH (N=143)	Diabetes, SH+ (N=53)	No Diabetes, SH+ (N=6)	P value^ DM (No SH vs. SH+)	P value^ SH+ vs No SH
Admission glucose (mg/dL)	140.6 ± 34.5	230.1 ± 68.0	159.8 ± 7.8	<0.001	<0.001
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	7.11 ± 1.01	7.09 ± 0.97	6.10 ± 0.38^	0.887	0.425
Relative hyperglycemia	0.90 ± 0.17	1.47 ± 0.37	1.26 ± 0.13	<0.001	<0.001
Age (years)	73.5 ± 12.7	76.0 ± 11.6	83.3 ± 7.7	0.136	0.085
Age-adjCharlson Index	5.08 ± 2.17	5.55 ± 2.01	5.50 ± 1.76	0.171	0.156
Type of surgery (Major)	120 (83.9, 76.6–88.7)	47 (88.7, 76.3–94.1)	6 (100.0, 51.7–100.0)	0.500	0.378
Cases with events	33 (23.1, 16.6–30.3)	29 (54.7, 40.6–66.5)	5 (83.3, 36.6–94.0)	<0.001	<0.001
Cardiovascular events	6 (4.2, 1.7–8.4)	10 (18.9, 9.9–30.3)	4 (66.7, 24.1–86.1	<0.001	<0.001
AMI/angina	2 (1.4, 0.2–4.4)	2 (3.8, 0.7–11.4)	1 (16.7, 0.9–48.3)	0.296	0.150
Stroke/TIA	0 (0.0–1.9)	1 (1.9, 0.1–8.4)	0 (0.0–27.3)	0.270	0.292
Heart failure	1 (0.7, 0.0–3.3)	5 (9.4, 3.5–19.1)	1 (16.7, 0.9–48.3)	0.006	0.003
Arrhythmias	4 (2.5, 0.4–7.7)	5 (9.4, 3.5–19.1)	2 (33.3, 6.0–63.5)	0.062	0.016
Local infections	3 (2.1, 0.5–5.5)	2 (3.8, 0.7–11.4)	0 (0.0–27.3)	0.613	0.630
Systemic infections	21 (14.7, 9.5–21.0)	22 (41.5, 28.4–54.0)	3 (50.0, 13.9–75.9)	<0.001	<0.001
Other complications	3 (2.1, 0.5–5.5)	6 (11.3, 4.7–21.4)	1 (16.7, 0.9–48.3)	0.013	0.007
ICU admission	6 (4.2, 1.7–8.4)	4 (7.5, 2.4–16.6)	1 (16.7, 0.9–48.3)	0.464	0.304
Reintervention	0 (0.0–1.9)	3 (5.7, 1.5–14.1)	1 (16.7, 0.9–48.3)	0.117	0.007

Notes: Data are presented as means ± SD or as number of cases (%, 95% confidence interval). ^{^}Student t-test, Chi² test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate).

Abbreviations: AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ICU, intensive care unit; TIA, transient ischemic attack; SH, stress hyperglycemia.