Table 1.
Anthropometric, demographic, and clinical characteristics of the participants across the groups
| Controls (n=40) | AS (n=44) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 44 (37.5-47.5) | 42 (37.0-49.0) | 0.993 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 20 (50) | 26 (59,1) | 0.403 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 13 (32.5) | 18 (40.9) | 0.425 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 25.3 (3.0) | 26.1 (4.3) | 0.325 |
| Duration of AS, months, median (IQR) | 210 (120-300) | - | |
| ASDAS-CRP, mean (SD) | 2.5 (0.9) | - | |
| Current use of medication | |||
| NSAID, n (%) | 35 (79.5) | - | |
| DMARD, n (%) | 11 (25.0) | ||
| TNF-α inhibitor, n (%) | 29 (65.9) | ||
| SBP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 118.5 (13.1) | 122.0 (12.7) | 0.225 |
| DBP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 79.1 (10.0) | 81.1 (11.0) | 0.400 |
| TC, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 216.2 (46.6) | 184.9 (44.5) | 0.002 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 50 (45.0-63.0) | 49.5 (41.5-56.5) | 0.103 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 139.7 (38.3) | 125.6 (37.4) | 0.092 |
| TG, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 117 (87.0-171.5) | 111.5 (73.5-173.5) | 0.720 |
| ESR, mm/h, median (IQR) | 9 (6-19) | 22.5 (6.5-35) | 0.006 |
| CRP, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.7-2.7) | 3.9 (2-12.6) | <0.001 |
| Surrogate markers of subclinical CVD | |||
| CIMT, mm, median (IQR) | 0.59 (0.54-0.65) | 0.56 (0.52-0.64) | 0.253 |
| PWV, m/s, median (IQR) | 6.3 (5.6-6.6) | 6.0 (5.7-7.2) | 0.788 |
AS - ankylosing spondylitis; IQR - interquartile range; BMI - body mass index; SD - standard deviation; ASDAS-CRP - ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score with C-reactive protein; NSAID - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; DMARD - disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; TNF-α - tumor necrosis factor alpha; SBP - systolic blood pressure;
DBP - diastolic blood pressure; TC - total cholesterol; HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL - low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TG - triglyceride;
ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP - C-reactive protein; CVD - cardiovascular disease; CIMT - carotid intima-media thickness; PWV - pulse wave velocity