2.

MIPD vs. OPD for pancreatic head cancer: safety, feasibility and outcomes (2012−2016)

Reference	Ref (23)	Ref (35)	Ref (36)	Ref (37)	Ref (38)	Ref (39)	Ref (40)	Ref (41)	Ref (42)	Ref (43)	Ref (44)	Ref (45)
MIPD, minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy; OPD, open pancreaticoduodenectomy; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; AJCC, American Joint Committee on cancer; EBL, estimated blood loss; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; POPF (B/C), grade B and C postoperative pancreatic fistula; LOS, length of stay; LPD, laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy; RPD, robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy; NCDB, American National Cancer Database. Outcomes are or median (range); *, P<0.05.
Country	USA	USA	USA	USA	France	USA	USA	USA	China	USA	Germany	USA
Procedures	OPD vs. LAPD	OPD vs. MIPD (LPD+RPD)	OPD vs. LPD	OPD vs. RPD	OPD vs. LPD	OPD vs. MIPD (LPD+RPD)	OPD vs. LPD	OPD vs. RPD	OPD vs. RAPD	OPD vs. LPD	OPD vs. MIPD	OPD vs. LRPD
Published time	2014	2016	2016	2016	2015	2015	2015	2016	2015	2014	2014	2012
Inclusion period	2010−2013	2010−2012	1995−2014	2011−2015	2011−2014	2010−2011	2010−2011	2012−2013	2010−2013	2008−2013	1996−2013	2009−2010
Single/multiple lefts	Single	Multiple, NCDB	Single	Multiple: 8 high-volume lefts	Single	Multiple, NCDB	Multiple, NCDB	Single	Single	Single	Single	Single
Type of study	Retrospective case-matched study	Retrospective	Retrospective	Retrospective	Retrospective case-matched study	Retrospective	Retrospective	Retrospective	Retrospective	Retrospective	Retrospective case-matched study	Retrospective case-matched study
Patient number	25 vs. 28	6,776 vs. 1,191	193 vs. 58	817 vs. 211	46 vs. 46	6,078 vs. 983	4,037 vs. 387	49 vs. 22	120 vs. 60 cancer: 38 vs. 19	214 vs. 108	40 vs. 40	30 vs. 30
Female	68% vs. 61%	48.4% vs. 48.5%	50.3% vs. 44.8%	48% vs. 45%	39% vs. 43%	49% vs. 50%	−	62.9% vs. 59%	45.8% vs. 43.3%	39% vs. 53%*	63% vs. 63%	46% vs. 46%
Age (year)	65 (34−85)vs. 64 (45−84)	66.4 vs. 66.6	68.9 (33.3−86.9)vs. 69.9 (40.6−84.8)	65 (15−93)vs. 67 (15−86)	63 (47−81)vs. 60 (27−85)	65±11 vs. 66±12	66±10 vs. 66±11	63 (26−86)vs. 63 (38−82)	53.8±14.3 vs. 53.6±13.5	65±11 vs. 67±10	65 (31−82)vs. 63 (20−82)	61 vs. 62
BMI (kg/m2)	23 vs. 28	−	25.6 (15.0−46.1)vs. 25.9 (17.7−49.6)	26.1 (14.7−85.5)vs. 27.5 (18.1−47.6)*	26 (19−42)vs. 23 (17−30)*	−	−	26.7 (16.2−38.2)vs. 25.5 (18.2−35.1)	22.6±3.4 vs. 23.2±2.7	27±5 vs. 27±5	25 (17−37)vs. 63 (20−83)	26 vs. 25
ASA classification	−	−	>3, 79.7%vs. 72.4%*	−	−	−	−	>2, 81.6%vs. 68.2%	>2, 1.6%vs. 1.7%	−	>2, 28%vs. 18%	>2, 76%vs. 53%
Tumor size (mm)	27 vs. 23	33.6 vs. 33.7	35 (3−140)vs. 25 (3−100)*	29 (0−50)vs. 25 (1−260)*	25 (15−40)vs. 28 (12−40)	34±28 vs. 34±37	33±24 vs. 32±13	31 (0−149)vs. 27 (15−60)	30±13 vs. 29±14	33±13 vs. 33±10	25 (6−35)vs. 25 (10−42)	29 vs. 30
AJCC stage 1+2	−	100% vs. 100%	96.8% vs. 98.3%	−	−	91% vs. 93%	94% vs. 97%	94.2% vs. 81.2%*	100% vs. 100%	−	−	−
Operation time (min)	347 vs. 355	−	375 (159−681)vs. 518 (313−761)*	300 (107−840)vs. 402 (257−685)*	264 (120−400)vs. 342 (240−540)*	−	−	364 (213−948)vs. 454 (294−529)*	2010−2012: 322±73vs. 445±88* 2013: 324±92 vs. 340±98	388±92 vs. 379±94	410 (170−645)vs. 343 (212−510)	366 vs. 476*
EBL (mL)	454 (100−1,200)vs. 336 (100−1,400)	−	600 (50−7,800)vs. 250 (50−8,500)*	300 (20−7,350)vs. 200 (30−4,500)*	293 (50−12,00)vs. 368 (50−1,200)	−	−	650 (150−6,100)vs. 425 (50−2,200)*	2010−2012: 500 (400−800)vs. 500 (310−738); 2013: 500 (300−700)vs. 200 (100−450)*	867±734 vs. 492±519*	−	775 vs. 485
Tumor type	Multiple	Pancreatic cancer	Pancreatic cancer	Multiple	Multiple	Pancreatic cancer	Pancreatic cancer	Multiple	Multiple	Pancreatic cancer	Multiple	Multiple
PDAC	64% vs. 57%	100%	100%	55% vs. 33%*	30% vs. 32%	86% vs. 85%	100%	61.2% vs. 68.2%	31.7% vs. 31.7%	100%	35% vs. 35%	46% vs. 46%
R0 rate	−	77.9% vs. 79.8%	79.8% vs. 84.5%	69% vs. 50%*	50% vs. 60%	No significant difference	74% vs. 80%	63.2% vs. 77.8%	92.1% vs. 94.7%	77% vs. 78%	86% vs. 86%	−
Resected lymph nodes	−	16.5±9.6 vs. 17.4±10.0*	17 (1−63)vs. 27 (9−70)*	19 (3−72)vs. 27 (7−65)*	25 (8−47)vs. 20 (8−59)	No significant difference	16±10 vs. 18±10*	−	17.8±7.1 vs. 18.1±6.6	20±8 vs. 21±8	19 (4−40)vs. 15 (7−33)	−
POPF (B/C)	28% vs. 18%	−	8.6% vs. 7.8%	9% vs. 14%*	Cancer: 29% vs. 20%	−	−	12.2% vs. 4.6%	15% vs. 8.3%	12% vs. 11%	28% vs. 18%	17% vs. 7%
Major morbidity	−	−	30.1% vs. 22.4%	24% vs. 24%	Cancer: 36% vs. 53%	−	−	20.4% vs. 13.6%	13.3% vs. 11.7%	13.6% vs. 5.6%	18% vs. 25%	43% vs. 30%
Mortality	−	90-day, 4.68% vs. 5.12%; 30-day, 2.42% vs. 2.69%	5.2% vs. 3.4%	90-day, 2.8% vs. 1.9%	Cancer: 0% vs. 0%	Cancer: 3.8% vs. 5.1%	4% vs. 5% LPD volume ≥10: 0.7% vs. 0%;LPD volume <10: 3.4% vs. 7.5%	4.1% vs. 0%	2.5% vs. 1.7%	30-day, 1% vs. 2%	0% vs. 5%	30-day, 0% vs. 4%
Survival time (month)	−	−	20.3 vs. 18.5	−	−	−	−	−	−	21.8 vs. 25.3	−	−
LOS (d)	9 vs. 7*	12.3±9.5 vs. 11.4±10.3*	9 (4−71)vs. 6 (4−68)*	8 (4−148)vs. 8 (4−58)	Cancer: 14 (7−32)vs. 15 (6−53)	No significant difference	12±9.7 vs. 10±8*	9 (5−48)vs. 7 (4−25)	25±11.2 vs. 20±7.4*	9 (5−73)vs. 6 (4−118)	16 (10−76)vs. 14 (6−59)	13 vs. 10*
Readmission	28% vs. 14%	9.5% vs. 8.7%	21.2% vs. 22.4%	23.5% vs. 30.8%*	9% vs. 9%	No significant difference	9% vs. 5%*	29.8% vs. 22.7%	−	−	−	−
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	−	13.1% vs. 12.9%	−	−	−	−	12% vs. 11%	12.8% vs. 10%	−	14% vs. 11.1%	−	−
Neoadjuvant radiation	−	−	−	−	−	−	8% vs. 7%	−	−	−	−	−
Adjuvant therapy	−	52.7% vs. 55.3%	73.5% vs. 75.9%	−	−	−	−	−	−	76% vs. 76%	−	−
Conversion rate	Excluded	28%	−	Conversion to laparotomy: 4.7%	7.00%	30%	Excluded	13.60%	Conversion to LPD: 1.7%	6.50%	40%	10%
Annual case volume >10	No	−	Yes	Yes	Yes	73% vs. 47%	30%	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes