Fig. 3.

Energy use during lunge feeding is a product of speed and engulfment timing, while catch percentage is a product of kinematics and the timing of engulfment with respect to the school. (A) Energy cost as speed of the mean fast humpback approach is varied. (B) Cost as the timing of MO relative to peak speed of the fast approach is varied. (C) Cost of varying MO timing for a slow approach. (D–F) How catch percentage varies both as a function of school distance at MO and with variation in speed (D) or MO timing (E and F). Thick black lines highlight the mean observed approaches.