Table 3.
Association with hospitalisation and costs
| Variables | Outcome: any hospitalisation for trauma Logistic regression |
Outcomes: ln(health expenditure) OLS (β reported)* |
||||
| OR | 95% CI | Predicted % with hospitalisation† | β | 95% CI | Predicted health expenditure (in CHF)† | |
| Any benzodiazepine prescription | ||||||
| No | – | – | 3.6 | – | – | 6400 |
| Yes | 1.31 | 1.20 to 1.44 | 4.7 | 0.72 | 0.67 to 0.77 | 13 168 |
| Age | ||||||
| 65–69 | – | – | 3.9 | – | – | 8504 |
| 70–74 | 1.15 | 1.03 to 1.29 | 4.3 | 0.37 | 0.31 to 0.42 | 11 562 |
| 75–80 | 1.34 | 1.20 to 1.51 | 4.8 | 0.53 | 0.47 to 0.58 | 13 013 |
| 80+ | 1.28 | 1.14 to 1.43 | 4.6 | 0.83 | 0.78 to 0.89 | 14 494 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | – | – | 4.4 | – | – | 8923 |
| Male | 0.74 | 0.69 to 0.81 | 3.3 | −0.12 | −0.16 to −0.07 | 7952 |
| Canton | ||||||
| AG | – | – | 4.4 | – | – | 5470 |
| BS | 1.06 | 0.81 to 1.38 | 4.7 | 0.46 | 0.32 to 0.60 | 8683 |
| FR | 1.00 | 0.81 to 1.25 | 4.4 | 0.57 | 0.46 to 0.68 | 9657 |
| VD | 0.88 | 0.73 to 1.06 | 3.9 | 0.58 | 0.49 to 0.68 | 9807 |
| TI | 0.69 | 0.54 to 0.89 | 3.1 | 0.21 | 0.09 to 0.33 | 6733 |
| JU | 0.95 | 0.71 to 1.27 | 4.2 | 0.24 | 0.09 to 0.39 | 6230 |
| GE | 0.85 | 0.70 to 1.03 | 3.8 | 0.50 | 0.40 to 0.60 | 8991 |
| VS | 0.80 | 0.66 to 0.97 | 3.6 | 0.17 | 0.07 to 0.27 | 6475 |
| NE | 0.97 | 0.77 to 1.22 | 4.3 | 0.40 | 0.28 to 0.52 | 8124 |
| Insurance plan | ||||||
| Basic plan | – | – | 4.0 | – | – | 8475 |
| Gatekeeping | 0.91 | 0.82 to 1.00 | 3.6 | 0.09 | 0.03 to 0.14 | 9245 |
| Phone-based gatekeeping | 0.94 | 0.83 to 1.07 | 3.8 | −0.12 | −0.19 to −0.06 | 7485 |
| Managed care (HMO) | 0.95 | 0.82 to 1.10 | 3.8 | −0.04 | −0.12 to 0.03 | 8090 |
| Deductible (CHF) | ||||||
| 300 | – | – | 4.1 | – | – | 9495 |
| 500 | 0.95 | 0.88 to 1.04 | 3.9 | −0.22 | −0.26 to −0.17 | 7656 |
| 1000 | 0.69 | 0.52 to 0.92 | 2.8 | −1.01 | −1.13 to −0.89 | 3448 |
| 1500 | 0.85 | 0.69 to 1.04 | 3.5 | −1.69 | −1.78 to −1.60 | 1748 |
| 2000 | 0.68 | 0.35 to 1.32 | 2.8 | −2.45 | −2.71 to −2.18 | 823 |
| 2500 | 0.55 | 0.40 to 0.75 | 2.3 | −3.14 | −3.25 to −3.03 | 409 |
| Comorbidities (PCG) | ||||||
| 0 | – | – | 3.6 | – | – | 2977 |
| 1 | 1.19 | 1.09 to 1.30 | 4.2 | 1.35 | 1.30 to 1.39 | 11 461 |
| 2 | 1.21 | 1.07 to 1.37 | 4.3 | 1.58 | 1.51 to 1.65 | 14 500 |
| 3 | 1.39 | 1.10 to 1.76 | 4.9 | 1.78 | 1.64 to 1.93 | 17 675 |
| 4 | 0.22 | 0.05 to 0.89 | 0.8 | 1.94 | 1.56 to 2.32 | 20 699 |
| 5+ | 1.46 | 0.34 to 6.27 | 5.1 | 2.00 | 0.96 to 3.03 | 21 908 |
| Total number of hospital admissions (non-trauma) | ||||||
| 0 | – | – | 3.4 | – | – | 3704 |
| 1 | 1.69 | 1.52 to 1.88 | 5.7 | 1.69 | 1.63 to 1.76 | 20 131 |
| 2+ | 2.03 | 1.76 to 2.33 | 6.7 | 2.22 | 2.13 to 2.31 | 34 079 |
| N | 69 005 | |||||
*Semielasticity.
†Obtained by predicting the outcome for each value of each covariate, all else being equal.
PCG, pharmaceutical cost group.