Table 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of the GA and Non-GA Groups in a Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in 17 Sites in the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, and Canada
| Variable | GA Group (n=137) | Non-GA Group (n=52) | Total (N=189) | P-Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at study inclusion (y), mean (SD) [95% CI] | 81.8 (6.5) [80.7–82.9] | 78.3 (6.0) [76.7–79.9] | 80.8 (6.5) [79.9–81.7] | <0.001b |
| Female, n (%) | 90 (65.7) | 31 (59.6) | 121 (64.0) | 0.439c |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| Caucasian | 134 (97.8) | 51 (98.1) | 185 (97.9) | 0.727d |
| Asian | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (1.1) | |
| Other | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 2 (1.1) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||
| Single/never married | 8 (5.8) | 5 (9.6) | 13 (6.9) | 0.024d |
| Married/domestic partnership | 60 (43.8) | 33 (63.5) | 93 (49.2) | |
| Divorced | 12 (8.8) | 1 (1.9) | 13 (6.9) | |
| Widowed | 57 (41.6) | 13 (25.0) | 70 (37.0) | |
| Separated | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Living status, n (%) | ||||
| Home alone | 64 (46.7) | 13 (25.0) | 77 (40.7) | 0.024d |
| Home with family or friends | 64 (46.7) | 36 (69.2) | 100 (52.9) | |
| Assisted living facility | 7 (5.1) | 3 (5.8) | 10 (5.3) | 0.183d |
| Privatee | 6 (85.7) | 1 (33.3) | 7 (70.0) | |
| Publice | 1 (14.3) | 2 (66.7) | 3 (30.0) | |
| Nursing/residential care home | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 2 (1.1) | NA |
| Privatef | 1 (50.0) | 0 | 1 (50.0) | |
| Publicf | 1 (50.0) | 0 | 1 (50.0) | |
| No. living at home, including patient | ||||
| n (%) | 128 (93.4) | 49 (94.2) | 177 (93.7) | 0.474b |
| Mean (SD) | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.8 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.8) | |
| Highest level of education, n (%) | ||||
| None of the below | 14 (10.3) | 2 (3.8) | 16 (8.5) | 0.229d |
| Lower secondary | 69 (50.7) | 25 (48.1) | 94 (50.0) | |
| Upper secondary | 28 (20.6) | 9 (17.3) | 37 (19.7) | |
| Some university/college | 9 (6.6) | 4 (7.7) | 13 (6.9) | |
| University/college degree | 7 (5.1) | 8 (15.4) | 15 (8.0) | |
| Graduate degree | 9 (6.6) | 4 (7.7) | 13 (6.9) | |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Insurance status, n (%) | ||||
| Insured | 85 (62.0) | 32 (61.5) | 117 (61.9) | 0.949c |
| Not insured | 52 (38.0) | 20 (38.5) | 72 (38.1) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.050c | |||
| Current smoker | 9 (6.6) | 0 | 9 (4.8) | |
| Ex-smoker (quit ≥6 months prior) | 54 (39.7) | 22 (42.3) | 76 (40.4) | |
| Never smoked | 73 (53.7) | 30 (57.7) | 103 (54.8) | |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Notes: aP≤0.05 is considered significant. bstudent’s t-test. cChi-square test. dFisher’s exact test. ePercentage based on the total number of patients living in an assisted living facility. fPercentage based on the total number of patients living in nursing/residential care home. Percentages, means, and medians are based on non-missing values.
Abbreviations: GA, geography atrophy; NA, not applicable.