Table 1.
A representation of exercise interventions done in LGMD 2A, LGMD 2L, and LGMD 2I. Number in parenthesis represents the article reference.
| Exercise mode/N | Duration | Frequency | Intensity | Improved outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cycling N = 6 (8) |
10 weeks | 3 days/week 30 min/session |
70% of VO2max | VO2max, lower limb strength, 6MWT, 5 x STS, 6SST. |
| Cycling N = 9 (9) |
12 weeks | 50 sessions in total 30 min/session |
65% of VO2max | VO2max, workload, self-reported physical endurance, lower limb muscle strength, and walking distance. |
| Strength: LOIT N = 6 HIT N = 3 Control group N = 6 (10) |
6 months 3 months |
3 days/week Twice at home and once at lab 3 days/week at lab |
Low intensity Knee extension, Elbow flexion 40% of 1RM, increase with 5% every other week 3 sets x 12-15 reps High intensity: Knee extension, Elbow flexion Wrist flexion & extension Ankle plantar flexion 70-85% of 1RM 3 x 8-12 reps for 1 month 80-90% of 1RM 3 x 6-10 reps for 2 months 85-92% 3 x 8-4 reps for 3 months |
Bicep strength and endurance, wrist flexion, extension, and endurance |
| Treadmill training using HAL® N = 3 (11) |
8 weeks F/U at 6 weeks post intervention |
3 days/week Maximum of 30 minutes/session |
Velocity of treadmill was set individually Up to 50% body weight support |
10MWT, 6MWT, and TUG |
| Anti-gravity: N = 3 (12) |
10 weeks of control period 10 weeks of training |
3 days/week 40 min/session |
70-80% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) Run/walk, jogging, and high knee lift 12 reps of squats and lunges 15-20 reps of calf raise |
6MWT and dynamic balance |
| Bodyweight supported: N = 3 (13) |
10-week control period 10 weeks of training |
3 days/week 40 min/session |
70-80% of HRmax Closed-kinetic-chain strength exercises: squats, calf raises, and lunges Aerobic: Walk/run, jogging in place, or high knee-lift |
Closed kinetic chain leg strength and training distance |
| Electrical stimulation N = 11 Strength N = 13 (14) |
8 weeks | 3 days/week | Shoulder abduction Knee extension 25% 1RM, 2 sets x10 reps 30% 1RM, 3 sets x 10 reps 35% 1RM, 3 sets x 10 reps 50% 1RM, 3 sets x 10 reps Monophasic wave type. Surface electrodes. Pulse frequency 50Hz, voltage output 0-500 V, pulse duration 200μσ, duty cycle 5:10, 10 minutes of stimulation |
Strength, VAS, climb 8 steps, 10MWT, dressing with t-shirt, endurance (number of reps per minute), and modified Lawton ADL. |