Table 2.

Associations of measures of sleep-disordered breathing with mean total and outpatient healthcare costs

	Cost ratio (95% CI)
	Total healthcare costs		Outpatient care costs
SDB measure	Age and site adjusted	Multivariable adjusted*	Age and site adjusted	Multivariable adjusted*
AHI†
<5.0	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
5.0 to <15.0	0.93 (0.79–1.10)	0.91 (0.78–1.08)	0.87 (0.66–1.14)	0.86 (0.66–1.13)
≥15.0	1.10 (0.92–1.31)	1.04 (0.86–1.24)	1.01 (0.76–1.36)	0.93 (0.69–1.25)
ODI†
<5.0	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
5.0 to ≤10	0.95 (0.78–1.15)	0.95 (0.78–1.16)	0.94 (0.68–1.29)	0.93 (0.68–1.27)
10 to ≤15	0.87 (0.69–1.10)	0.86 (0.68–1.09)	0.74 (0.51–1.07)	0.72 (0.50–1.04)
>15.0	1.07 (0.90–1.28)	1.01 (0.84–1.21)	0.93 (0.70–1.23)	0.84 (0.63–1.13)
OSA†
<5.0	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
5.0 to <15.0	0.96 (0.81–1.14)	0.94 (0.80–1.11)	0.87 (0.67–1.15)	0.86 (0.66–1.13)
≥15.0	1.10 (0.92–1.31)	1.06 (0.89–1.27)	1.01 (0.76–1.35)	0.95 (0.71–1.27)
%TST<90
<1.0	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
1.0 to <3.5	1.02 (0.86–1.22)	0.97 (0.81–1.15)	0.88 (0.66–1.17)	0.80 (0.61–1.06)
≥3.5	0.98 (0.82–1.17)	0.95 (0.78–1.14)	0.78 (0.59–1.04)	0.68 (0.51–0.90)

CI = confidence interval; SDB = sleep-disordered breathing; AHI = apnea hypopnea index; ODI = oxygen desaturation index; OSA = obstructive apneas plus hypopneas with a 4% desaturation; %TST<90 = percent of total sleep time with oxygen saturation <90%.

*Adjusted for age, site, education, health status, comorbid medical conditions (including diabetes, hypertension, CVD, and COPD), and body mass index at the sleep visit.

^†Unit is per hour.