. 2019 Aug 16;43(1):zsz192. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz192

Table 5.

Adjusted DID estimators (95% confidence interval) of effect of treatment following insomnia diagnosis on healthcare costs among Medicare beneficiaries in 2013 dollars, N = 23 079

		p-value^a
Inpatient^b	$1481 (−$9753, $12 715)	0.52
ED^c	$11 (−$301, $324)	0.48
Outpatient^d	$2025 (−$4334, $8385)	0.39
Prescription^e	$76 (−$112, $263)	0.43
Total^f	$3593 (−$10 128, $17 314)	0.87

^ap-value of the DID term is derived from a generalized linear model with a gamma distribution and log link.

^bAdjusted for index year of diagnosis, age, sex, race, depression, acute myocardial infarction, asthma, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, COPD, depression, diabetes, hip fracture, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and stroke.

^cAdjusted for index year of diagnosis, age, sex, race, depression, acute myocardial infarction, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, anemia, asthma, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, COPD, diabetes, hip fracture, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and stroke.

^dAdjusted for index year of diagnosis, age, sex, race, substance abuse, anemia, asthma, congestive heart failure, depression, diabetes, glaucoma, hip fracture, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and stroke.

^eAdjusted for index year of diagnosis, age, sex, race, depression, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, anemia, asthma, cataracts, congestive heart failure, COPD, diabetes, glaucoma, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hypothyroidism, ischemic heart disease, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and stroke.

^fAdjusted for index year of diagnosis, age, sex, race, depression, acute myocardial infarction, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, anemia, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, COPD, diabetes, glaucoma, hip fracture, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and stroke.