Table 3.
Ion-selective electrodes for the determination of benzodiazepines.
| Benzodiazepine | Electrode Material | Linear Range (M) | Detection Limit (M) | Electrolyte | Sample (s) | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diazepam, bromazepam, and clonazepam | PVC-based ion-selective electrodes | 2.5 × 10−6 to 10−4, 5 × 10−6 to 10−4, and 2.5 × 10−4 to 10−6 for diazepam, bromazepam, and clonazepam, respectively | 2, 0.307, and 0.9 µM, for diazepam, bromazepam, and clonazepam, respectively | Potentiometric, 10−4 M HCl | Ion-selective electrodes | Urine, Vallium, Rivotril, and Calmepam tablets | [135] |
| Bromazepam | Bromazepam-phosphotungestiate ion association complex in poly(vinyl chloride) membrane | 1 × 10−2 to 1 × 10−4 | 3 × 10−5 | Potentiometric | Ion-selective electrodes | Lextonil, Neoopt, and Calmepam tablets | [136] |
| Diazepam, bromazepam, and clonazepam | PVC solid contact ion-selective electrodes | 0.29–71.20, 0.79–31.62, and 0.32–31.57 µg/mL for diazepam, bromazepam, and clonazepam, respectively | 0.71, 0.79, and 0.79 µg/mL for diazepam, bromazepam, and clonazepam, respectively | Potentiometric, 10−4 M HCL | Ion-selective electrodes | Vallium, Rivotril, and Calmepam tablets | [137] |