Table 1.

Intratumoral administration of ZnO-poly I:C nanocomplex induces tumor-regulating cytokine response relative to PBS sham injected controls.

Cytokine	Putative Role in Metastatic Tumor Niche	Effect of ZnO-Poly I:C (Fold Over Control)	Effect Size Analysis (Cohen’s d Measure)
TNF-α	Chemotaxis, leukocyte recruitment, extracellular killing	148.3+/−33.7	−0.59
IFN-γ	Secreted by cancer, T, natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages (Macs), MHCI/II, involved in Th1 and Th2	6.0+/−0.92	−2.81
IL-2	CD8 and NK activation, activates antigen presentation and B cell response (BCR)	5.8+/−3.2	1.24
IL-12	Growth factor, increases NK action, stimulates antibody production	9.9+/−4.3	18.58