Table 1.

Specific whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS spectra patterns literature for identification of antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacteria.

Organism	Antibiotic Classes Tested	Biomarkers	Year	Reference
Staphylococcus aureus	β-lactams	MRSA: 891, 1140, 1165, 1229 and 2127 m/z MSSA: 2548 and 2647 m/z	2000	[51]
Staphylococcus aureus	β-lactams	Variation between in the spectral profiles in the mass range of m/z 500–3500 Da	2002	[52]
Lactococcus lactis Bacillus coagulans Escherichia coli	Bacteriocins (lantibiotic)	Lacticin 481: 2902, 2924,2940 m/z Nisin A: 3392 m/z Coagulin: 4650 m/z	2003	[53]
Escherichia coli	β-lactams	Ampicillin: 29.000 m/z	2007	[54]
Bacteroides fragilis	Carbapenems	cfiA negative: 4711, 4817, 5017, 5204, 5268 m/z cfiA positive: 4688, 4826, 5002, 5189, 5282 m/z	2011	[55]
Klebsiella spp.	Carbapenems	OmpK36 porin: 38000, 19000 m/z	2012	[56]
Enterococcus faecium	Glycopeptides	VanA/B: 6603 m/z	2012	[57,58]
Enterobacteriaceae	Carbapenems	blaKPC: 11109 m/z	2014	[59]
Campylobacter jejuni	β-lactams Tetracyclines Glycopeptides	Spectrum processing parameters increased the resistance detection	2016	[60]
Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis	β-lactams	mecA: 2415 m/z	2016	[61]
Escherichia coli	Polymyxin	Lipid A modification: 1919 m/z	2018	[62]
Klebsiella pneumonia Enterobacter cloacae Escherichia coli Serratia marcescens Citrobacter braakii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Carbapenems	KPC-2: 28544 m/z	2019	[63]
Bacteroides fragilis	Carbapenems	Identification of B. fragilis with the validated “cfiA library” [55]	2019	[64]