Table 3.
Changes in intestinal microbiota associated with clinical studies on liver cirrhosis.
| Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Genus (Speices) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firmicutes ↑ [208] # | Bacilli ↑ [38,187] | Bacillales | Stphylococcaceae | Staphylococcus ↑ [183] † |
| Lactobacilales | Lactobacillaceae | Lactobacillus (L. rhamnosus ↓84 L. fermentus ↓ [84], L. ruminis ↓ [37], L. antri ↑ [57], L. crispatus ↑ [57]) | ||
| Streptococcaceae ↑ [38,185,202] | Streptococcus ↑ [37,97] (S. thermophiles ↑ [37], S. infantarius ↑ [37]) |
|||
| Enterococcaceae | Enterococcus ↑ [208] # (E. faecalis ↑ [182]) | |||
| Clostridia | Clostridiales | Clostridiaceae | Clostridium ↓ [182] ↑ [97], Clostridium XI ↑ [208] # Clostridium XIV ↓ [208] # [208] (C. methylpentosum ↓ [37], C. saccharolyricun [37] ↓) |
|
| Eubacteriaceae | Eubacterium ↓ [97] (E. siraeum ↓ [37]) |
|||
| Ruminococcaceae ↓ [37,188,214], [208] # | Subdoligranulum ↓ [211] | |||
| Faecalibacterium ↓ [37,182] (F. prausnitzii ↓ [184]) |
||||
| Ruminococcus (R. sp 18P13 ↓ [37]) |
||||
| Ruminococcacaeae bacterium ↓ [37] | ||||
| Lachnospiraceae ↓ [188,214], [208] # | Dorea ↓ [211] | |||
| Blautia ↓ [214] | ||||
| Butyrivibrio (B. crossotus ↓ [37]) | ||||
| Negativicutes ↑ [185] | Selenomonadales | Veillonellaceae ↑ [38,187,188,204] # | Veillonella ↑ [97], [208] # (V. dispar ↑ [185], V. paruvula [185] ↑) |
|
| Acidaminococcaceae | Acidaminococcus ↑ [211] | |||
| Phascolarctobacterium ↓ [37] | ||||
| Actinobacteria ↑ [208] # | Actinobacteriia | Bifidobacteriales | Bifidobacteriaceae | Bifidobacterium ↓ [180,184] ↑ [37] (B. catenulatum ↓ [185]) |
| Fusobacteria [38,97] ↑ | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriales | Fusobacteriaceae ↑ [38,188] # | |
| Bacteroidetes ↓ [38,97,185,208] # | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidales | Bacteroidaceae ↓ [38] | Bacteroides ↓ [97] (B. coprocola ↓ [37], B. uniformis ↓ [37]) |
| Prevotellaceae | Prevotella ↑ [97,208] #↓ [37] (P. corpi ↓ [37]) | |||
| Paraprevotella ↓ [37] (P. xylaniphila ↓ [37]) |
||||
| Rikenellaceae ↓ [208] # | Alistipes ↓ [97] (A. shahil ↓ [37]) | |||
| Porphyromonadaceae | Barnecialla ↓ [37] | |||
| Odoribacter ↓ [37] (O. splanchnicus ↓ [37]) |
||||
| Parabacteroides (P. distasonis ↓ [37]) |
||||
| Tannerella ↓ [37] | ||||
| Proteobacteria ↑ [38,97,185,208] # | β-proteobacteria | Burkholderiales | Alcaligenaceae ↑ [188] | |
| Burkholderiaceae | Burkholderia ↑ [214] | |||
| Ralstoniaceae | Ralstonia ↑ [214] | |||
| γ-proteobacteria ↑ [38,187] |
Enterobacteriales | Enterobacteriaceae ↑ [38], [188] #, [184,188,217] | Proteus ↑ [214] | |
| Escherichia ↑ (E. coli ↑ [183,187] †) | ||||
| Pasteurellaceae ↑ [38] | ||||
| δ-proteobacteria | Desulfovibrionales | Desulfovibrionaceae | Biophila ↑ (B. wadsworthia ↓ [37]) |
† Patients with minimal HE group; # Patients with HE group.