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. 2019 Oct 10;6(4):95. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering6040095

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Schematic of the hepatic bioreactor culture platform integrated with a bioprinter and biomarker analysis module. (b) Bioprinting photocrosslinkable Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel-based hepatic construct within the bioreactor as a dot array. (c) Top-view (i) and side-view (ii) of the assembled bioreactor with the inlet and outlet fluidic ports as indicated. Scale bar = 1 mm. (d) Oxygen concentration gradient in the bioreactor, considering the oxygen uptake of, case A: 400,000 hepatocytes on day one (16,000 cells per dot), and case B: 4000,000 hepatocytes on day 30 (160,000 cells per dot) [110].