Table 2.
A short summary of outstanding recent liver bioprinting studies.
| Printing Method | Cell Type/Bioink | Achievements | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extrusion bioprinting | Hepatocytes Gelatin | The laminated hepatocytes remained viable and performed biological functions for more than 2 months | [68] |
| Extrusion-based bioprinting | Primary human hepatocytes, hepatic stellates, HUVEC cells, and non-parenchymal cells/NovoGelR 2.0 hydrogel (concentration not mentioned) | Viable up to 28 days (% not mentioned) Inkjet bioprinting Galactosylated alginate (12 mg/mL) Primary mouse hepatocytes (isolated from the liver tissue of male 6–8-weeks-old ICR 12 mice) Data not available >85% after 2 Days test of hepatotoxicity of trovafloxacin and Levofloxacin |
[71] |
| Inkjet bioprinting | Primary mouse hepatocytes (isolated from the liver tissue of male 6-to-8-week-old ICR 12 mice)/Galactosylated alginate (12 mg/mL) |
>85% after 2 days | [73] |
| Inkjet bioprinting | HUVEC | Multilayered organ tissue model test of hepatotoxicity of troglitazone (Rezulin) | [74] |
| Extrusion-based bioprinting | Primary mouse hepatocytes (isolated from the livers of 6–8 weeks old mice)/Alginate (3% w/v) |
Viable up to 14 days (% not mentioned) |
[75] |
| Extrusion bioprinting | HepG2, BMMSCs/decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) | Liver tissue model | [79] |
| Microvalve bioprinting | hiPSCs (human-induced pluripotent stem cell lines, RCi-22 and RCi-50); hESCs human embryonic stem cell lines, RC-6 and RC-10)/Alginate (1.5% w/v) |
>55% after 1 day | [81] |
| Extrusion-based bioprinting | Primary hepatocytes | Viable up to 60 days (% not mentioned) | [82] |