Table 1.

Reaction conditions and fabrication methods of hydrogels.

Entry	Method	Zein/f-CNOs	Cross-Linker (GA)	Time (min.)	Hydrogel d
1.	Conventional	(1.0 g/2.0 mg)	(1%, w/w)	180 a	CZCNOs
2.	Microwave	(1.0 g/2.0 mg)	(1%, w/w)	40 b	MZCNOs
3.	Acoustic cavitation (ultra-sonic)	(1.0 g/2.0 mg)	(1%, w/w)	30 c	UZCNOs

^a The reaction mixture was stirred at 65 °C for 180 min; ^b 500 W of power was applied for 40 min; ^c The reaction mixture was ultra-sonicated for 30 min; ^d The homogeneous reaction mixture was poured into a glass petri dish and left to stand overnight for gel formation.