Table 3.
Recent approaches in Fe3O4-carbon-based nanostructures conjugates.
| No. | System Description | Application | Type of Conjugation | Evaluation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Fe3O4 @APS–graphene/5-Fluorouracil | Drug-delivery systems for cancer treatment; | Amide bonding using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide | In vitro drug release at acidic pH; efficient in vitro internalizing in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells; biocompatibility of the carrier nanoparticles; | [184] |
| 2. | Fe3O4@ APTES/graphene oxide (GO)/doxorubicin | Drug-delivery systems and imaging diagnosis in cancer management; | Amide bonding using N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) | In vitro low cytotoxicity compared to GO; superparamegnetic properties and 10.7 r2/r1 relaxivity; fluorescence in VIS; high doxorubicin loading and 2.5 fold higher efficiency; (Figure 3) | [185] |
| 3. | Fe3O4@azide-sodium ascorbate-GO@ alkyne | Efficient absorbent and removal of dyes; | Click chemistry approach between the azide functional groups on the Fe3O4, sodium L-ascorbate and alkyne functional groups on GO; | Superparamagnetic properties; efficient absorbent and removal of dyes; | [186] |
| 4. | Fe3O4@GO | Magnetic fluids; | Absorption; | Improvement of friction and wear performances with magnetic field; | [187] |
| 5. | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/ Fe3O4@ carbon nanotubes (CNTs) | Absorbent and dye removal; Anti-bacterial effects; | − | Optimal dye removal and anti-bacterial properties; | [188] |
| 6. | Fe3O4/multi walled CNTs/laser scribed graphene/chitosan/glassy carbon electrode | Detection of heavy metals | − | Electrode for the determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry; wide linear range; ultralow detection limit; excellent repeatability, reproducibility, stability; | [189] |
| 7. | Single-walled CNTs-PEG-Fe3O4@ carbon quantum dots (CQD)/doxorubicin/sgc8c aptamer | Targeted photodynamic and photothermal ablation of tumor cells; controlled drug delivery; targeted imaging using fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | Through polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker using amide bonding; | Near infrared triggered production of reactive oxygen species and heat; good imaging properties; good biocompatibility of the carrier and cellular internalization; high drug loading ability; selective accumulation at tumor site in human adenocarcinoma (HeLa) tumor-bearing mice intravenously injected with the system; | [190] |
| 8. | GO-Chitosan/Fe3O4/glucose oxidase | Glucose biosensor and magnetic resonance imaging; | − | Good glucose biosensing ability; | [191] |