Mangiarotti 2008.

Methods	Study design: prospective, randomised clinical trial Number of study centres: 1 Study dates: recruitment period not reported, follow‐up 12–108 months Participants randomly assigned: 92
Participants	Inclusion criteria: histologically confirmed Ta‐T1 G1‐2 stage tumour Exclusion criteria: no previous intravesical treatment
Interventions	Group A: MMC 40 mg in 50 mL saline Group B: BCG Tice Procedure: therapy started 1 month after TUR; MMC once a week for 8 weeks, thereafter for once a month for 1 year; BCG weekly for 6 weeks, thereafter once a month for 1 year.
Outcomes	Recurrence rate, recurrence‐free survival, adverse effects
Funding sources	Not reported.
Declarations of interest	No information on interests reported.
Notes	Sample size estimation required 97 participants to allow a 5% dropout and 92 remaining participants (46 in each group). The article reported on the 92 participants and on the 46 per group.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no information
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no information
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) all outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: no information
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) overall survival	Unclear risk	Outcome not reported.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) recurrence and progression free survival	High risk	Comment: no information on blinding. We assumed that there was no blinding. We assumed that the absence of blinding might have had an effect on the detection and measurement of subjective outcomes.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) serious and non‐serious adverse effects	High risk	Comment: no information on blinding. We assumed that there was no blinding. We assumed that the absence of blinding might have had an effect on the detection and measurement of subjective outcomes.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) quality of life	Unclear risk	Outcome not reported.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Survival outcomes	Low risk	Comment: all participants entered the analysis (46/46 in each group).
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Adverse effect outcomes	Low risk	Comment: all participants entered the analysis (46/46 in each group).
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Quality of life outcomes	Unclear risk	Outcome not reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no study protocol available.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: we assumed that there was no risk for other bias.