Table 1.
Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated according to studies on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of exosomes.
| Experimental Model | Pharmacokinetic Parameters | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| Fluorophore-exosomes (10 nmol, i.v.) (CD-1 mice) | t1/2α = 6.85–8.79 min, t1/2β = 149–792 min, kel = 0.0003–0.0052 min−1, AUC = 5922–25759%ID⋅g−1⋅min−1), CL = 0.0054–0.0154 mL⋅min−1, Vd = 2.4321–8.4773 mL | [22] |
| gLuc-lactadherin-exosomes (5 μg, i.v.) (macrophage-depleted mice) | AUC = 160 ± 33% of ID⋅h/mL, MRT = 3.57 ± 0.68 h, CL = 0.651 ± 0.157 mL/h | [23] |
| Milk exosomes (transport kinetics in Caco-2 and IEC-6 cells) | Km = 55.5 ± 48.6 μg/200 μL (Caco-2), Km = 152 ± 39.5 μg/200 μL (IEC-6) | [25] |
| 125I-exosomes (4 × 105 cpm, i.v.) (Parkinson’s disease mouse model) | CL = 0.016 mL/min, Vss = 3.15 mL, MRTlast = 0.91 h, MRTinf = 3.40 h | [26] |
i.v. = intravenously; t1/2α = half-life during distribution; t1/2β = half-life during elimination; kel = elimination rate constant; AUC = area under the concentration time curve; CL = clearance; Vd = volume of distribution; gLuc = gaussia luciferase; MRT = mean residence time; Km = Michaelis constant; cpm = counts per minute; Vss = volume of distribution at steady state; MRTlast = mean residence time from 0 h to the time of the last positive concentration; MRTinf = mean residence time extrapolated to infinity.