Figure 2.

Physical characterisation of NEs (N1–N10) with and without curcumin (loaded and unloaded). No significant differences (p > 0.05) in viscosity (cps), pH and average droplet size (Z-average, nm) were seen for loaded formulations compared to unloaded (n = 3, mean ± SD). Significant differences (**** p < 0.0001) in viscosity were observed for formulation with terpenes (N3–4, N7–8) compared to other oils. A significant difference (**** p < 0.0001) in droplet size for formulation N10 compared to other formulations and a high poly dispersity index (PDI) for N10, indicating a wide range of size distribution. Refractive index (RI) was measured for unloaded formulations only.