Table III.

BMP-2 and −7 levels and time to tumor recurrence in months and number of recurrent tumors.

	Immunostaining score
Expression group	0–2	3	P-value
Time from previous TUR, months
BMP-2 positive	5	13	<0.01
BMP-7 positive	6	22	<0.01
First recurrence, months
BMP-2 positive	5	8	<0.01
BMP-7 positive	6	9	<0.01
No. of recurrent tumors
BMP-2 positive	0.5	1.1	0.015
BMP-7 positive	0.6	1.2	0.019

Where ‘time from previous TUR’ refers to the time period in months between the previous TUR and the TUR when the samples were obtained for immunohistochemistry, and ‘first recurrence’ refers to the time period in months between TUR and when the first recurrent tumor is observed. The following immunostaining grading system was applied: 3+, >50% of positive cells; 2+, 10–50% of positive cells; 1+, up to 10% of positive cells; and 0, if cells demonstrated no positive staining. Statistical analysis was performed via generalized one-way ANOVA with the generalized linear/nonlinear model for Poisson distribution. BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; TUR, transurethral resection.